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= Hand or Pen Mating =
 
= Hand or Pen Mating =
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* Supervised mating where the female is put into a pen with the male while mating takes place and then returned to the paddock without males.
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* Timing of mating is known.
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* Sire of cria is known.
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* Valuable males do not waste energy inseminating the same female repeatedly, thus can be used to impregnate more females.
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* Much time can be wasted if receptive but non-fertile females are presented for mating.
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** When the male is with a herd of females, he can determine the best time for mating and immediately mate the most receptive females.
    
= Stud Services =
 
= Stud Services =
4,503

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