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It is implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
It is implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
''C.jejuni'' is diagnosed by laboratory diagnosis.
''C.jejuni'' is diagnosed by laboratory diagnosis.
* An important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species.
* The largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK.
** Is therefore a public health issue.
* Very widely distributed on the farm- carried in the intestinal tract of:
** Cattle
** Sheep
** Dogs
** Chickens
** Wild birds
* Widespread distribution on the farm means that it is hyperendemic.
** All animals are regularly exposed to it by the faecal oral route.
** Passive (colostral) protection is helpful while active immunity develops.
* There is no regular exposure in the hygienic environment of the human or pet dog.
** These animals are much more susceptible to infection.
* The intestinal contents of the broiler chicken may be spread around the abdominal cavity at slaughter.
** Most poultry is moderately or heavily contaminated.
*** If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.
*** Bacteria may be ingested by humans handling the raw meat.
====Pathogenesis====
* Bacteria colonise the gut, attach to and invade the mucosa, and produce toxin.
* Causes colitis, characterised by:
** Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells
** Erosion of the mucosa
** Crypt abscesses
** Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa.
*** Primarily [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
* Functional flagella are important as virulence factors.
** Non-flagellate campylobacter do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive in vitro.
* Diagnosed by laboratory diagnosis.
==Literature Search==
==Literature Search==
[[Category:Expert_Review]]
[[Category:To Do - Bacteria]]