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Also known as: '''''C. jejuni — C. fetus subsp jejuni — Vibrio jejuni'''''
Also known as: '''''—C.jejuni''''', '''''—C. fetus subsp jejuni''''', '''''—Vibrio jejuni'''''
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
|name =''Campylobacter jejuni''
|name =''Campylobacter jejuni''
|order =Campylobacterales
|order =Campylobacterales
|family =Campylobacteraceae
|family =Campylobacteraceae
|genus =Campylobacter
|genus =[[:Campylobacter species|Campylobacter]]
|species =''C.jejuni''
|species =''C.jejuni''
}}
}}
==Introduction==
[[File:jejuni.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Campylobacter jejuni'' Marco Tolo 2006, WikiMedia Commons]]
[[File:jejuni.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Campylobacter jejuni'' Marco Tolo 2006, WikiMedia Commons]]
''Campylobacter jejuni'' belongs to the genus [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']]. ''C.jejuni'' is an '''important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species'''. Although ''C. jejuni'' rarely causes fatal disease in animals, it is the leading cause of foodborne diseases in humans. It is the '''largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK''' and is therefore a public health issue causing diarrhoea and cramps.
It also causes late abortion and still births in sheep and goats, and may also cause [[:Category:Mastitis|mastitis]] in cattle. It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, rabbits, wild birds and especially chickens. Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops.
It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, dogs, wild birds and especially chickens.
Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops. Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets.
Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets. Humans can become infected by faecal contaminated poultry skin, meat, milk and water sources. It can also be spread by humans via poor hygiene and during food processing. Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat. If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.
Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat. If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity
''C. jejuni'' causes enteritis and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs and causes abortion in ewes. It usually causes asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian [[ Hepatitis, Acute|hepatitis]] occur. It is implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated
Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
==Pathogenesis==
==Pathogenesis==
The pathogenesis of ''C.jejuni'' involves the colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes and toxin production.
The pathogenesis of ''C.jejuni'' involves the colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes and toxin production.
It causes colitis, characterised by:
:Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells
:Erosion of the mucosa
:Crypt abscesses
:Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa and the presence of primarily [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
The bacteria's functional flagella are important as virulence factors. Non-flagellate [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']] do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive.
{{Learning
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28title%3A%28%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22%29+AND+yr%3A%5B2000+TO+2010%5D%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22%29+AND+ab%3A%28%22Food+safety%22%29+OR+ab%3A%28%22Public+health%22%29%29%29&fq=subject_facet%3A%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22&fq=gl_facet%3A%22UK%22 ''Campylobacter jejuni'' in the UK]
==Literature Search==
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093305608.pdf '''Campylobacter jejuni - a monographic study (review).''' Corcionivoschi, N.; Drinceanu, D.; Ştef, L.; Julean, C.; Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania, Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, 2009, 42, 1, pp 26-34, 48 ref. - '''Full Text Article''']
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{{review}}
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[[Category:Zoonoses]]
[[Category:Campylobacter_species]]
[[Category:Campylobacter_species]]
[[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]]
[[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]]
[[Category:Expert Review - Bacteria]]
[[Category:To Do - Bacteria]]