Changes

{{unfinished}}

{{OpenPagesTop}}

{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"

| Also known as:

{{Taxobox

| ''C.jejuni''

|-

|}

|class              =Epsilon Proteobacteria

|order              =Campylobacterales

|family            =Campylobacteraceae

|genus              =[[:Campylobacter species|Campylobacter]]

|species            =''C.jejuni''

[[File:jejuni.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Campylobacter jejuni'' Marco Tolo 2006, WikiMedia Commons]]

''Campylobacter jejuni'' belongs to the genus [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']]. ''C.jejuni'' is an '''important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species'''. Although ''C. jejuni'' rarely causes fatal disease in animals, it is the leading cause of foodborne diseases in humans. It is the '''largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK''' and is therefore a public health issue causing diarrhoea and cramps.

''Campylobacter jejuni belongs to the genus [[Campylobacter species- Overview|''Campylobacter'']].

It also causes late abortion and still births in sheep and goats, and may also cause [[:Category:Mastitis|mastitis]] in cattle. It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, rabbits, wild birds and especially chickens. Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops.  

It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, dogs, wild birds and especially chickens.

Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops. Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets.

Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat.  

Pathogenesis of ''C.jejuni'' involves the colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes and toxin production.  

Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets. Humans can become infected by faecal contaminated poultry skin, meat, milk and water sources. It can also be spread by humans via poor hygiene and during food processing. Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat. If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.

[[Category:Enteritis, Bacterial|Enteritis]] and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs; treatment with enrofloxacin

*Usually asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian hepatitis occur with decreased egg production, loss of condition, haemorrhage and necrosis of liver; phase contrast microscopy demonstrates curved rods in bile; in-feed dihydrostreptomycin sulphate in outbreak

*Implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves[[Category:Campylobacter_species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]]

* An important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species.

''C. jejuni'' causes enteritis and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs and causes abortion in ewes. It usually causes asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian [[ Hepatitis, Acute|hepatitis]] occur. It is implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated

* The largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK.

Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.

* Very widely distributed on the farm- carried in the intestinal tract of:

** Passive (colostral) protection is helpful while active immunity develops.

* There is no regular exposure in the hygienic environment of the human or pet dog.

*** If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.

*** Bacteria may be ingested by humans handling the raw meat.

====Pathogenesis====

==Pathogenesis==

It causes colitis, characterised by:

* Causes colitis, characterised by:

:Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells

** Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells

:Erosion of the mucosa

** Erosion of the mucosa

:Crypt abscesses

** Crypt abscesses  

:Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa and the presence of primarily [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].

** Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa.

*** Primarily [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].

* Diagnosed by laboratory diagnosis.

[[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]]

[[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]]

 

[[Category:Expert Review - Bacteria]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]