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| *'''Brachioradialis''' | | *'''Brachioradialis''' |
| **Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus | | **Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
− | **Insertion: distal medial forearm within superficial fascia | + | **Insertion: distal part of medial radius |
− | **Prominent in the cat but nearly absent in the dog | + | **Often much reduced and sometimes absent |
| *'''Supinator''' | | *'''Supinator''' |
| **Deep to extensor muscles, passing from lateral humeral epicondyles to upper medial radius | | **Deep to extensor muscles, passing from lateral humeral epicondyles to upper medial radius |
| | | |
| ''Pronators'': Median n. from the brachial plexus | | ''Pronators'': Median n. from the brachial plexus |
− | *'''Pronator teres''': only functional in cat and dog | + | *'''Pronator teres''' |
| **Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus | | **Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus |
− | **Insertion: supinator | + | **Insertion: dorsal surface and medial border of radius |
− | *'''Pronator quadratus''': only found in carnivores | + | *'''Pronator quadratus''' |
− | **Origin: shaft of the ulna | + | **Origin: palmar surface of radius and interosseous ligament |
− | **Insertion: shaft of the radius | + | **Insertion: interosseous border of the ulna |
| | | |
| ====Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints==== | | ====Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints==== |