Changes

{{review}}

{{OpenPagesTop}}

 

Also known as: '''''Kennel Cough — Canine Respiratory Disease Complex — Infectious Canine Tracheobronchitis — Infectious Canine Tracheitis'''''  

Also known as: '''''Kennel Cough — Canine Respiratory Disease Complex — Infectious Canine Tracheobronchitis — Infectious Canine Tracheitis'''''  

A highly contagious acute respiratory disease spread by close contact causing laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and in some cases a rhinitis.

A highly contagious acute respiratory disease spread by close contact causing laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and in some cases a rhinitis.

Multiple agents are implicated in the disease including [[Canine Adenovirus 1|Canine Adenovirus 1]],[[Canine Adenovirus 2|Canine Adenovirus 2]],[[Canine Herpesvirus 1|Canine Herpes virus]], [[Canine Parainfluenza - 2|Canine Parainfluenza - 2]], [[Canine Distemper Virus|Canine Distemper Virus]], [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma species]] and [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''Bordetella bronchoseptica'']]. Most cases involve a primary viral infection and sometimes with secondary bacterial involvement. ''B.bronchoseptica'' adheres to ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea where it proliferates and releases toxins causing epithelial necrosis and prevents[[Diseases of the nasal cavity and sinuses#Mucociliary escalator| ciliary clearance]].  Mortality rates are very low and it is a common disease in dogs that are housed in groups.

Multiple agents are implicated in the disease including [[Canine Adenovirus 1|Canine Adenovirus 1]], [[Canine Adenovirus 2|Canine Adenovirus 2]], [[Canine Herpesvirus 1|Canine Herpes virus]], [[Canine Parainfluenza - 2|Canine Parainfluenza - 2]], [[Canine Distemper Virus|Canine Distemper Virus]], [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma species]] and [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''Bordetella bronchoseptica'']]. Most cases involve a primary viral infection and sometimes with secondary bacterial involvement. ''B.bronchoseptica'' adheres to ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea where it proliferates and releases toxins causing epithelial necrosis and prevents[[Diseases of the nasal cavity and sinuses#Mucociliary escalator| ciliary clearance]].  Mortality rates are very low and it is a common disease in dogs that are housed in groups.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

The clinical signs typically persist from 2-3 days to 2-3 weeks.

The clinical signs typically persist from 2-3 days to 2-3 weeks.

Systemic signs are likely to indicate the development of [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]], signs include pyrexia, inappetance and depression. Systemic disease is more likely to occur in young or immunocompromised animals. This condition is usually a result of secondary infection with [[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species| ''Pasturella'' species]] and [[:Category:Streptococcus species|''Streptococci'' bacteria]]. If widespread systemic signs are present infection with canine distemper virus should be suspected.

Systemic signs are likely to indicate the development of [[Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]], signs include pyrexia, inappetance and depression. Systemic disease is more likely to occur in young or immunocompromised animals. This condition is usually a result of secondary infection with [[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species| ''Pasturella'' species]] and [[:Category:Streptococcus species|''Streptococci'' bacteria]]. If widespread systemic signs are present infection with canine distemper virus should be suspected.

Diagnosis is most often made on history and physical exam ruling out other causes of the cough.

Diagnosis is most often made on history and physical exam ruling out other causes of the cough.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Uncomplicated cases are often self limiting and will resolve with a regime of strict rest for 7 days until coughing subsides.

Uncomplicated cases are often self limiting and will resolve with a regime of strict rest for 7 days until coughing subsides.

Antitussives and bronchodilators may be used to alleviate severe coughing. Nebulization can also be useful to help loosen bronchial and tracheal secretions.

 

Antitussives (Hydrocodone, Codeine....without acetaminophen) may be used to alleviate severe coughing. Do not use cough suppressants in patients with pulmonary infiltrates, rather encourage coughing and use expectorant such as bromhexine along with nebulization and coupage.  Nebulization with saline, bronchodilators, and/or antibiotics can also be useful to help loosen bronchial and tracheal secretions.  

In patients with severe disease further supportive care including [[Principles of Fluid Therapy |fluids]] and enteral feeding will be required.

In patients with severe disease further supportive care including [[Principles of Fluid Therapy |fluids]] and enteral feeding will be required.

[[Anti-Inflammatory Drugs|Anti-inflammatories]] may help relieve some of the clinical signs however there use is contra-indicated in immunocompromised animals.

 

Prednisone at an anti-inflammatory dose (0.5mg/kg BID, tapering) can be used to decrease tracheal inflammation and stop the cough-inflammation-infection cycle.  Be careful to not use in animals that are ill or showing signs of pneumonia or systemic illness.

==Control==

==Control==

Good, generally self limiting.

Good, generally self limiting.

==Test yourself with the Trachea Pathology Flashcards==

 

|flashcards = [[Trachea_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Trachea Pathology Flashcards]]

[[Trachea_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Trachea Pathology Flashcards]]

|literature search =[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Canine+Infectious+Tracheobronchitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Kennel+Cough%22+%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Canine+respiratory+disease+complex%22+%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Infectious+Canine+Tracheobronchitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Infectious+Canine+tracheitis%22%29+ Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis]

 

==Literature Search==

 

 

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Canine+Infectious+Tracheobronchitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Kennel+Cough%22+%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Canine+respiratory+disease+complex%22+%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Infectious+Canine+Tracheobronchitis%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Infectious+Canine+tracheitis%22%29+ Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis]

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Dog]]