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== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

 

Until 1978 Parvovirus enteritis was totally unknown in dogs - it was first seen in dogs in Australia where it appeared very similar but perhaps slightly worse than the [[Feline Panleucopenia|disease seen in the cat]]. Research revealed a new and distinct disease, but the virus is very closely related to the feline virus; viral DNA is 98% homologous to the feline virus. Clinically, the virus causes enteritis mainly affecting the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] in young dogs over 6 weeks old and [[Myocarditis|myocarditis]] in puppies. The virus is transmitted orally. Vaccines are very effective, but the virus is hardy and survives for a protracted time in the environment.  

Until 1978 Parvovirus enteritis was totally unknown in dogs - it was first seen in dogs in Australia where it appeared very similar but perhaps slightly worse than the [[Feline Panleucopenia|disease seen in the cat]]. Research revealed a new and distinct disease, but the virus is very closely related to the feline virus; viral DNA is 98% homologous to the feline virus. Clinically, the virus causes enteritis mainly affecting the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] in young dogs over 6 weeks old and [[Myocarditis|myocarditis]] in puppies. The virus is transmitted orally. Vaccines are very effective, but the virus is hardy and survives for a protracted time in the environment.  

Two canine viruses have been identified, these are:

Two canine viruses have been identified, these are:

*Canine Parvovirus 1 ('''CPV1'''): avirulent and ubiquitous in the canine populationand

*Canine Parvovirus 1 ('''CPV1'''): avirulent and ubiquitous in the canine population

*Canine Parvovirus 2 ('''CPV2'''): a new virus that emerged in the late 1970's. Antigenic variants do naturally occur.  

*Canine Parvovirus 2 ('''CPV2'''): a new virus that emerged in the late 1970's. Antigenic variants do naturally occur.

 

== Pathogenesis ==

== Pathogenesis ==

Oropharyngeal infection is followed by '''viremia'''. Subsequently there are two distinct syndromes depending on the age of the animal:  

Oropharyngeal infection is followed by '''viraemia'''. Subsequently there are two distinct syndromes depending on the age of the animal:  

#'''Myocarditis''' in puppies aged 3-8 weeks - the virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium leading to sudden death, or '''fading puppy''' syndrome. This is now rare due to widespread passive immunity.  

#'''Myocarditis''' in puppies aged 3-8 weeks - the virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium leading to sudden death, or '''fading puppy''' syndrome. This is now rare due to widespread passive immunity.  

#'''Enteritis''' in puppies 6 weeks of age. The virus targets intestinal crypts, causing the villi to shorten and the destruction of crypt cells, leading to gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or [[Gastroenteritis, Haemorrhagic|hemorrhagic enteritis]]. CPV has a high morbidity but low mortality (10%) rate.

#'''Enteritis''' in puppies 6 weeks of age. The virus targets intestinal crypts, causing the villi to shorten and the destruction of crypt cells, leading to gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or [[Gastroenteritis, Haemorrhagic|hemorrhagic enteritis]]. CPV has a high morbidity but low mortality (10%) rate.

== Diagnosis ==

== Diagnosis ==

== Literature Search ==

 

|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Bug/bug00213.asp, Canine parvovirus]<br>

[[Image:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]

[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis01005.asp, CPV 1 - disease]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis01007.asp, CPV 2 - disease)

 

|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093115250.pdf '''Canine parvovirus: an emerging, re-emerging, significant pathogen of dogs.''' Kapil, S.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 650-651, 3 ref.]  

<br> Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation). <br><br><br> [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093115250.pdf '''Canine parvovirus: an emerging, re-emerging, significant pathogen of dogs.''' Kapil, S.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 650-651, 3 ref. - '''Full Text Article''']  

 

== References ==

== References ==

[[Category:Parvoviridae]] [[Category:Cardiovascular_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Dog_Viruses]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Enteritis, Viral]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Parvoviridae]] [[Category:Cardiovascular_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Dog_Viruses]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Enteritis, Viral]][[Category:Expert_Review]]