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Canine Phalanges - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 15:10, 19 August 2008
, 15:10, 19 August 2008→Hindlimb
====Hindlimb====
====Hindlimb====
'''Long Digital Extensor'''
* Origin - extensor fossa of the lateral femoral condyle.
* Insertion - flexor aspect of the tarsus and branches which continue onto the extensor process of each of the distal phalanges.
* It divides into four branches at the level of the tarsus and are bound by the fibrous transverse bands of the proximal and distal retinaculum and are enclosed by a common synovial sheath.
'''Lateral Digital Extensor'''
* Origin - proximal fibula and lateral collateral ligament of the stifle.
* Insertion - It joins to the tendon of the long digital extensor to insert on the distal phalanx of the 5th digit.
'''Long Extensor of the first digit'''
* Origin - Proximal fibula
* Insertion - the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 2nd and 1st digit.
'''Superficial Digital Flexor'''
* Origin - Supracondylar tuberosity of the femur and is firmly united to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius.
* Insertion - Middle phalanx of the 2nd to 5th digits.
* The muscle belly converges into a strong tendon at mid-tibial level and runs medially to the gastrocnemius to the point of the hock forming a broad cap. This cap is hed in place by medial and lateral retinaculae.
* A '''synovial bursa''' lies between this cap and the calcaneal tuberosity.
* It then runs over the plantar aspect of the hock and splits twice at the level of the dorsal tarsal bones, thus forming it's four branches for insertion.
'''Deep Digital Flexor'''
* This muscle consists of three seperate heads; the '''caudal tibial muscle''', the '''lateral digital flexor muscle''' and the '''medial digital flexor muscle'''.
* '''Lateral digital flexor'''
** Origin - caudal surface of the tibia and fibula
** Insertion - its strong tendon fuses with that of the medial digital flexor tendon on the plantar aspect of the tarsus forming the deep flexor tendon. This then branches and inserts on the distal phalanx of each digit.
* '''Medial digital flexor'''
** Origin - the head of the fibula and the popliteal line of the tibia.
** Insertion - It fuses with the medial digital flexor tendon forming the deep flexor tendon.
* '''Caudal tibial'''
** Origin - caudomedially surface of the tibia
** Insertion - the tendon radiates into the medial ligaments of the tarsus and doesn't form part of the deep flexor tendon.
=='''Vasculature'''==
=='''Vasculature'''==
=='''Innervation'''==
=='''Innervation'''==