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| − | == Gastrointestinal Nematodes == | + | {{frontpage |
| − | ==== Introduction ====
| + | |pagetitle = Horse Nematodes |
| − | [[Image:Parascaris equorum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Parascaris equorum'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
| + | |pagebody = |
| − | [[Image:Parascaris equorum2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Parascaris equorum'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
| + | |contenttitle = Content |
| − | [[Image:Parascaris equorum3.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Parascaris equorum'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
| + | |contentbody = |
| − | [[Image:Parascaris equorum4.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Parascaris equorum'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
| + | <big><b> |
| − | [[Image:Strongylus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Strongylus'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] | + | <br> |
| − | Many nematode species occur in the equine gastrointestinal tract, although not all are of equal importance:
| + | [[Horse Nematode Overview|Overview]] |
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| − | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
| + | [[Strongyles]] |
| | + | :[[Large Strongyles]] |
| | + | ::''[[Trichostrongylus axei]] |
| | + | ::''[[Triodontophorus]] |
| | + | :[[Cyathostomins]] |
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| − | !'''Stomach'''
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| − | !'''Small Intestine'''
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| − | !'''Large Intestine'''
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| − | *''Habronema (Draschia)''
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| − | *''Trichostrongylus axei''
| + | ''[[Dictyocaulus arnfieldi]] |
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| − | *''Parascaris''
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| − | *''Strongyloides''
| + | ''[[Habronema and Draschia spp.]] |
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| − | *''Strongylus'' species
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| − | *Cyathostomins
| + | ''[[Onchocerca spp.]] |
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| − | *''Triodontophorus'' species
| + | ''[[Oxyuris equi]] |
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| − | *''Oxyuris equi''
| + | ''[[Parafilaria spp.]] |
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| − | |}
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| | + | ''[[Parascaris equorum]] |
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| − | == Strongyles (Red worms) ==
| + | ''[[Setaria spp.]] |
| − | The strongyles that occur in the horse can be divided on the basis of size into two groups
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| − | *'''Large''' strongyles
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| − | **''Strongylus'' species (3 species; used to be widespread prior to the introduction of worm control programmes; now uncommon)
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| − | **''Triodontophorus'' species (common)
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| − | *'''Small''' strongyles
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| − | **Also known as Cyathostomins (preferred term), cyathostomes, trichonemes or small redworms
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| − | **Cyathostomins (widespread, including 4 genera and over 40 species of worms)
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| − | === Large strongyles ===
| + | ''[[Strongyloides]] |
| − | ==== Morphology ====
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| − | '''Gross''' | |
| − | *Stout worms, 1.5-5cm long
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| − | *Large buccal capsule
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| − | *Bursa visible to the naked eye (male worms only)
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| − | '''Microscopic''' (buccal capsule) | + | ''[[Thelazia lacrymalis]] |
| − | *Double row of leaf crowns
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| − | *Teeth (0, 2, 3 or more)
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| − | *Dorsal gutter (channel for secretions)
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| − | ==== Life-cycle ====
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| − | Infection with all three ''Strongylus'' species and ''Triodontophorus'' is by ingestion of infective stage larvae (L3) at grazing. Larvae pass down the intestinal tract and penetrate the intestinal mucosa at which point there are important species differences in life-cycle.
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| − | ==== Pathogenicity ====
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| − | '''Adult Worms''':
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| − | *Plug feeders
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| − | *''Strongylus'' species:
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| − | **Large buccal capsule
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| − | **Penetrate right down to the muscularis layer and blood vessels
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| − | **Leaves small circular bleeding ulcers → anaemia if present in large numbers
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| − | *''Triodontophorus'':
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| − | **Smaller buccal capsule
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| − | **More superficial damage
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| − | **May feed in "herds", leaving large ulcers, several centimetres across
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| − | *Ulcers heal and leave scars
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| − | [[Category:Nematodes]][[Category:Horse]] | + | |
| | + | [[Horse Nematode Flashcards|Flashcards]] |
| | + | <br> |
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| | + | </b></big> |
| | + | |logo=Horse-logo.png}} |
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| | + | [[Category:Horse Parasites]] |