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| − | | + | |pagetitle =Rickettsiales |
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| | + | |contenttitle =Content |
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| | + | <categorytree mode=pages>Rickettsiales</categorytree> |
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| | ===Overview=== | | ===Overview=== |
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| | *Inoculation of susceptible animals | | *Inoculation of susceptible animals |
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| − | [[Rickettsia rickettsii]] | + | [[Category:Bacterial Organisms]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] |
| − | [[Ehrlichia canis]] | |
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| − | [[Ehrlichia platys]]
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| − | [[Ehrlichia risticii]]
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| − | [[Ehrlichia equi]]
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| − | [[Ehrlichia ondiri]]
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| − | [[Ehrlichia phagocytophila]]
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| − | ===Heartwater===
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| − | *Severe disease of ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa caused by ''Cowdria ruminantium''
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| − | *Vectors include ''Amblyomma'' ticks
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| − | *Carrier status can occur for up to 8 months in adult cattle and wildebeest
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| − | *Clinical disease in calves and lambs
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| − | *Clinical signs
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| − | **Incubation period 4 weeks
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| − | **Acute fever
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| − | **Neurological signs including chewing, twitching of eyelids, circling, high-stepping gait, convulsions and recumbency; can be fatal
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| − | **Subacute cases suffer from hydropericardium, hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema and congestion; splenomegaly and haemorrhages may occur
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| − | *Diagnosis
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| − | **Clinical and post mortem findings in endemic areas suggestive
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| − | **Orgnisms present in nuclei of endothelial cells in Giemsa-stained brain tissue
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| − | **PCR, indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA and western blot
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| − | *Treatment and control
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| − | **Tetracyclines during early disease
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| − | **Immunisation using infected blood
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| − | ===Bovine anaplasmosis===
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| − | *Disease of cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions caused by ''Anaplasma marginale''
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| − | *Carrier status in endemic regions with clinical disease occuring in times of stress
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| − | *High mortality rate in naive adult cattle
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| − | *Morulae localise inside red blood cells close to the cell membrane
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| − | *Transmitted via the ''Boophilus'' tick as well as flies and contaminated instruments
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| − | *Clinical signs
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| − | **Inculbation period 2-12 weeks
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| − | **Anorexia, fever, depression, reduced milk yield, weight loss
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| − | **Anaemia and icterus
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| − | **Sudden death from hypoxia can occur
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| − | *Diagnosis
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| − | **Clinical signs and haematology suggestive
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| − | **Organisms present in erythrocytes of Giemsa-stained blood smears
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| − | **Immunofluorescence of blood smears, PCR, serology
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| − | *Treatment and control
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| − | **Long-acting oxytetracycline or imidocarb early in the disease
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| − | **Supportive therapy
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| − | **Vaccination of animals being introduced into an endemic region
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| − | ===Feline infectious anaemia===
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| − | *Caused by ''Mycoplasma haemofelis ( ''until recently, known as'' Haemobartonella felis)
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| − | *Organism found on surface of erythrocytes
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| − | *Common in roaming tom-cats of 1-3 years old
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| − | *Possibly transmitted via bite wounds or arthropods
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| − | *Recoverd cats become carriers
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| − | *Clinical signs
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| − | **Peracute disease is associated with severe anaemia and immunosuppression, and can be rapidly fatal
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| − | **Fever, anaemia, depression, weakness and jaundice occur in the acute form
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| − | **Anaemia, lethargy and weight loss occur in the chronic form
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| − | **Recovery can occur with a regenerative bone marrow response
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| − | **Severe feline infectious anaemia may occur in the presence of feline leukaemia virus
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| − | *Diagnosis
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| − | **Organism intermittently seen on the surface of red blood cells in Giemsa-stained blood smears
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| − | **Immunofluorescence of blood smears
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| − | **Reduced packed cell volume; regenerative anaemia
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| − | *Treatment
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| − | **Doxycycline for 3 weeks early in the course of the disease
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| − | **Blood transfusion
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| − | **Flea control
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| − | ===Canine haemobartonellosis===
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| − | *Dogs infected with ''Haemobartonella canis'' usually asymptomatic
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| − | *Acute haemolytic anaemia may occur in dogs after splenectomy, immunosuppressive drug therapy or immunosuppressive infections
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| − | ===Q fever===
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| − | *Caused by ''Coxiella burnetti''
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| − | *Influenza-like disease of humans in contact with farm animals
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| − | *Transmitted to humans by inhalation from parturient sheep, goats and cattle
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| − | *Organisms replicate in female genital tract and mammary glands of ruminants
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| − | *Shedding occurs in uterine discharges, foetal fluid and milk
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| − | *Infections in animals usually subclinical
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| − | *Sporadic abortions occur in sheep, goats, cattle, cats
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| − | *Infertility may result in ruminants, as well as placentitis or endometritis
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| − | *Hepatitis, myocarditis and interstitial pneumonia may occur in affected foetuses
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| − | *Diagnosis: MZN-stained smears of placental tissue and uterine discharges; immunofluorescence; PCR; culture; serology
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| − | *Control: disposal of infected placenta and separation of pregnant ruminants; inactivated vaccines
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| − | [[Category:Infectious_Agents]]
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