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| − | | + | |pagetitle =Spiruroidea |
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| | + | <categorytree mode=pages>Spiruroidea</categorytree> |
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| | [[Image:Habronema.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Habronema'' from horse faeces - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] | | [[Image:Habronema.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Habronema'' from horse faeces - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] |
| | *Contains a few species of veterinary significance (e.g. ''Habronema'' and ''Thelazia'') | | *Contains a few species of veterinary significance (e.g. ''Habronema'' and ''Thelazia'') |
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| | *Various predilection sites | | *Various predilection sites |
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| − | === ''HABRONEMA and DRASCHIA'' SPECIES ===
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| − | ==== General ====
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| − | *Spiruroids occurring in stomach:
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| − | **''Habronema microstoma'' - worldwide.
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| − | **''Draschia megastoma'' - tropical/sub-tropical climates.
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| − | ==== Morphology ====
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| − | *1.0-2.5cm long, slender white worms, flat spiral twist to male tail.
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| − | ==== Life-Cycle ====
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| − | *Indirect LC, muscid fly intermediate hosts.
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| − | *Adults under layer of mucous in stomach (''Habronema'') or in large nodule (''Draschia'').
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| − | *Elongated embryonated eggs (50-60µm) passed in faeces.
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| − | *L1 ingested by fly larvae - develop to L3 as fly matures.
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| − | *L3 deposited on horse's lips as fly feeds - swallowed - mature to adult worms.
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| − | *Prepatent period = 2months.
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| − | *Larvae → "cutaneous habronemosis" or "summer sores":
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| − | **larvae laid on skin wound → large granulomata
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| − | **seasonal incidence
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| − | **affected horses may be difficult to work.
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| − | ==== Pathogenicity ====
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| − | *Adult worms:
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| − | **''Habronema'' - mild gastritis (no mucosal invasion)
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| − | **''Draschia'' - tumour-like nodules may impair pyloric function.
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| − | ==== Control ====
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| − | *Regular anthelmintic treatment (adults - not required; larvae - ivermectin).
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| − | *Cover or turn over dung heaps (to prevent access of flies to breeding sites or kill by composting).
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| | [[Category:Non-Bursate_Nematodes]] | | [[Category:Non-Bursate_Nematodes]] |
| − | [[Category:Horse_Nematodes]] | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] |
