Changes

Also Known As: '''''CCV — Channel Catfish Viral Disease — CCVD'''''

Also Known As: '''''CCV — Channel Catfish Viral Disease — CCVD'''''

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

'''Channel catfish and the closely related blue catfish''' are the only fish known to be susceptible to CCVD. Natural outbreaks are seen almost exclusively in cultivated channel catfish.  

'''Channel catfish and the closely related blue catfish''' are the only fish known to be susceptible to CCVD. Natural outbreaks are seen almost exclusively in cultivated channel catfish. The virus has not been reported from wild channel catfish or in any other wild catfish.

Disease occurs almost exclusively in fish '''less than a year old''', and is '''most common in those under 4 months''' of age. Natural clinical disease is generally confined to fish '''weighing less than 10g.'''

Disease occurs almost exclusively in fish '''less than a year old''', and is '''most common in those under 4 months''' of age. Natural clinical disease is generally confined to fish '''weighing less than 10g.'''

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

Affected fish have '''marked ascites giving them a pot-bellied appearance, show exopthalmos and have multiple haemorrhages of the fins and musculature'''. The '''vent may be swollen''' and protrusive and the gills pale. Opercular movements are often increased. Affected fish may seem to be '''off balance, swimming erratically''' or close to the surface and eventually sinking to the bottom. Up to 50% of moribund fish may '''hang head upwards''' at the surface.

Affected fish have '''marked ascites giving them a pot-bellied appearance, show [[Exopthalmos - Fish|exopthalmos]] and have multiple haemorrhages of the fins and musculature'''. The '''vent may be swollen''' and protrusive and the gills pale. Opercular movements are often increased. Affected fish may seem to be '''off balance, swimming erratically''' or close to the surface and eventually sinking to the bottom. Up to 50% of moribund fish may '''hang head upwards''' at the surface.

Fish that survive CCVD have '''strong protective immunity for the remainder of their lives but remain in a covert latent carrier state''' which is undetectable antigenically and difficult at best. This is a significant source of disease for vulnerable fish. It is unclear how these fish shed the virus.

Fish that survive CCVD have '''strong protective immunity for the remainder of their lives but remain in a covert latent carrier state''' which is undetectable antigenically and difficult at best. This is a significant source of disease for vulnerable fish. It is unclear how these fish shed the virus.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Increased fry or fingerling mortality in catfish in warm weather, especially after stress, should raise suspicion of CCVD.  

Increased fry or fingerling mortality in catfish in warm weather, especially after stress, should raise suspicion of CCVD.  

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Channel Catfish Disease datasheet''', accessed 11/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Sano, M., Naki, T. and Fijan, N. (2011) '''Viral Diseases and Agents of Warmwater Fish.''' In: '''Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections,''' 2nd edition (eds. Woo, P.T.K. and Bruno, D.W.), ''CABI'', Wallingford, UK. pp 166-244.

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=96034&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 channel catfish virus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=89027&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 channel catfish virus disease]

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Channel Catfish Disease Virus datasheet''', accessed 11/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

|date = 31 August 2011

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