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Also known as: '''''Congenital Oronasal Fistula — Palatoschisis
Also known as: '''''Congenital Oronasal Fistula — Palatoschisis
[[Image:Cleft-palate.gif|right|thumb|300px|<small><center>A congenital cleft palate defect (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]]
==Introduction==
[[File:Cleft lip puppy.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Primary cleft palate with associated cleft lip]]
[[File:Cleft palate 2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Secondary cleft palate]]
An abnormal communication between the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology| nasal]] and [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology| oral]] cavities involving the [[Soft Palate| soft palate]] , [[Hard Palate| hard palate]], premaxilla and or [[Lips|lip]] . Abnormalities arise during foetal development where there is incomplete closure of the primary palate, secondary palate or both.
An abnormal communication between the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology| nasal]] and [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology| oral]] cavities involving the [[Soft Palate| soft palate]] , [[Hard Palate| hard palate]], premaxilla and or [[Lips|lip]] . Abnormalities arise during foetal development where there is incomplete closure of the primary palate, secondary palate or both.
The primary palate develops into the premaxilla and lip. If closure is not complete this will result in a primary palate or cleft lip (harelip).
The primary palate develops into the premaxilla and lip. If closure is not complete this will result in a primary palate or cleft lip (harelip).
Possible causes may include administration of [[Antifungal Drugs#Griseofulvin|griseofulvin]] to queens during pregnancy, certain viral infections or ingestion of toxic plants.
Possible causes may include administration of [[Antifungal Drugs#Griseofulvin|griseofulvin]] to queens during pregnancy, certain viral infections or ingestion of toxic plants.
==Aetiology==
The facial part of the dorsal surface of the skull is formed by parts of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|frontal, nasal, maxillary, and incisive bones]]. Problems, such as a cleft palate, can arise if the fusion of these bones does not occur properly. It is also important to note that each quadrant of the skull and jaw develops independent of the other three quadrants. If there is an abnormality on one side, it does not necessarily mean the other side is also affected.
'''Primary cleft palate''': defect between the incisive bone and maxilla. This type of cleft is often associated with a harelip or cleft lip.
'''Secondary cleft palate''': defect in the maxilla that may or may not extend to involve the soft palate.
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
===Closure of Primary Clefts===
===Closure of Primary Clefts===
Often very difficult to correct surgically, and requires planning and multiple surgeries.
Often very difficult to correct surgically, and requires planning and often multiple surgeries.
===Closure of Secondary Clefts===
===Closure of Secondary Clefts===
{{Learning
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Oral_Cavity_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Oral Cavity Pathology Flashcards]]<br>[[Equine Internal Medicine Q&A 10]]<br>[[Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Q&A 01]]
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00692.asp, Harelip]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00691.asp, Cleft lip and palate]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Technique/teq00674.asp, Cleft palate repair]
|flashcards = [[Oral_Cavity_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Oral Cavity Pathology Flashcards]]<br>[[Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Q&A 01]]
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?start=0&q=%28%28od%3A%28dogs%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Cleft+Palate%22%29%29%29 Cleft palate in Dogs publications]
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?start=0&q=%28%28od%3A%28dogs%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Cleft+Palate%22%29%29%29 Cleft palate in Dogs publications]
{{review}}
{{Lisa Milella reviewed
|date = 13 August 2014}}
{{Waltham}}
{{OpenPages}}
[[Category:Nasal Cavity - Developmental Pathology]]
[[Category:Nasal Cavity - Developmental Pathology]]
[[Category:Respiratory System - Developmental Pathology]]
[[Category:Respiratory System - Developmental Pathology]]
[[Category:Oral Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Horse]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Goat]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Sheep]]
[[Category:Oral Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Horse]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Goat]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Sheep]]
[[Category:Oral Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Oral Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]][[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]][[Category:Expert Review - Horse]]
[[Category:Developmental Dental Conditions]]
[[Category:Lisa Milella reviewed]]
[[Category:Waltham reviewed]]