Changes

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Dogs are more commonly affected than cats. In particular brachycephalic breeds are more commonly affected. Other at [[Canine Breeds - WikiNormals| risk breeds]] include, Boston terriers, Pekingese, minature schnauzers, beagles and cocker spaniels.

Dogs are more commonly affected than cats. In particular brachycephalic breeds are more commonly affected. Other at risk [[Canine Breeds - WikiNormals| dog breeds]] include, Boston terriers, Pekingese, minature schnauzers, beagles and cocker spaniels.

Siamese are the most commonly affected cat breed.

Siamese are the most commonly affected cat breed.

Present at birth but not always noticed straight away.

Present at birth but not always noticed straight away.

===Closure of Primary Clefts===

===Closure of Primary Clefts===

Often very difficult to correct surgically, and require planning and multiple surgeries.

Often very difficult to correct surgically, and requires planning and multiple surgeries.

===Closure of secondary clefts===

===Closure of secondary clefts===

====Hard palate defects====

====Hard palate defects====

Three procedures have been described the Lagenbeck or sliding pedicle technique whereby longitudinal strips of mucosa are released from the hard palate and slid together at the midline. Hard palate bone is exposed laterally however granulation and epithelisation occur quickly.

Three procedures have been described firstly, the Lagenbeck or sliding pedicle technique whereby longitudinal strips of mucosa are released from the hard palate and slid together at the midline. Hard palate bone is exposed laterally however granulation and epithelisation occur quickly.

The second technique is the Sandwich or overlapping flap technique where by a recipient bed is created by splitting the mucous membrane at the edge of the defect. A donor bed is created by releasing strips of mucosa from the opposite mucous membrane which is then sutured into plaec.  

The second technique is the Sandwich or overlapping flap technique where by a recipient bed is created by splitting the mucous membrane at the edge of the defect. A donor bed is created by releasing strips of mucosa from the opposite mucous membrane which is then sutured into place.  

Thirdly a combination technique can be applied where both of the above tecniques are used to produce a double layer of mucosa over the cleft.

Thirdly a combination technique can be applied where both of the above tecniques are used to produce a double layer of mucosa over the cleft.

==Prognosis==  

==Prognosis==  

Historically surgical correction of these conditions had a low success rate. More recently however new surgical techniques can result in a good prognosis, however multiple surgeries may be requires and aspiration pneumonia must be treated.

Historically surgical correction of these conditions had a low success rate. More recently new surgical techniques can result in a good prognosis however multiple surgeries may be required and aspiration pneumonia must be treated.

[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]