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− | ==Overview== | + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
− | Disease caused by the parasite [[Cryptosporidium|cryptosporidium]].
| + | == Introduction == |
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| + | This is a '''zoonotic''', diarrhoea-causing, disease of cattle and other domestic livestock caused by the parasite ''[[Cryptosporidium]]''. It is a [[:Category:Protozoa|protozoan parasite]] that inhabits crypt cells of the intestine. Transmission of the disease is faeco-oral. The disease is severe in humans and can be fatal in the immunocompromised. It causes severe sickness and diarrhoea for up to two weeks. |
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| + | == Clinical Signs == |
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− | ==Diagnosis==
| + | Often seen in adolescent calves, may present as a sudden outbreak or as sporadic disease. Animals may have weight loss and appear dull and depressed. Diarrhoea will be profuse and watery and may appear green/black. |
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− | *Faecal smear
| + | == Diagnosis == |
− | **Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) stain
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− | **Oocysts stain red against a blue/green background
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− | *Immunoassays
| + | Clinical signs and age of cattle will provide a presumptive diagnosis. A faecal smear with '''Ziehl-Neelson''' (ZN) stain is diagnostic and if ''Cryptosporidium'' is present then oocysts stain red against a blue/green background. Immunoassays can also be performed to detect oocysts in faeces. |
− | **Detect oocysts in faeces
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− | ==Control== | + | == Control == |
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− | *Isolate/quarantine bought-in calves
| + | Isolate/quarantine bought-in calves maintain good hygiene by providing adequate bedding and disinfecting calf pens. |
− | **Treat if signs of [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] present
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− | *Good hygiene, adequate bedding and disinfection of calf pens is important
| + | If diarrhoea is present and ''Cryptosporidium'' has been detected then treat with halofuginon. This treatment is given orally. |
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− | *Prevention/treatment
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− | **Halofuginone
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− | ***Halocur or Intervet
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− | ***Oral dosage
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| + | {{review}} |
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− | ==Villus Atrophy in Enteritis==
| + | {{OpenPages}} |
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− | * Affects calf, lamb, piglet, kitten.
| + | [[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Cattle]] |
− | * Increasingly important as part of the neonatal [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] complex in calves.
| + | [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] |
− | * Zoonosis.
| + | [[Category:Zoonoses]] |
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− | ====Pathology====
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− | =====Gross=====
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− | * Intestines diffusely reddened, with fluid contents.
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− | =====Histological=====
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− | * Tiny parasites on surface of epithelium.
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− | * Villus atrophy and fusion.
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− | * Iinflammation (mainly lymphoid) in crypts and lamina propria.
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− | [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]] | |