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| + | Also known as: '''''Cutaneous streptothrichosis''' |
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| + | ==Introduction== |
| + | This is a group of diseases affecting the epidermis caused by [[Dermatophilus congolensis|''Dermatophilus congolensis'']]. It causes a range of conditions in large animals including rain scald in horses and strawberry foot rot in sheep. The disease is associated with skin trauma, prolonged wetting or [[:Category:Integumentary System - Parasitic Infections| parasites]]. Lesions typically involve exudative dermatitis with scab formation. It is a zoonosis affecting humans in close contact with infected animals. |
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− | ==Description==
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− | A group of diseases affecting the epidermis caused by [[Dermatophilus congolensis|dermatophilus congolensis]] . Causes a range of conditions in large animals including rain scald in horses and strawberry foot rot in sheep. Lesions typically involve exudative dermatitis with scab formation.
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| ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
| Can be seen in animals of all ages but most commonly occurs in young animals who are chronically exposed to moisture. | | Can be seen in animals of all ages but most commonly occurs in young animals who are chronically exposed to moisture. |
| + | Affects horses, sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and rarely dogs and cats. |
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| + | ==History and Clinical signs== |
| + | Lesions commonly occur following heavy rainfall and commonly affects the dorsum of animals. Any previous trauma or damage to the skin can predispose to infection. Blood-sucking insects are also thought to be involved in transmission. |
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| + | <big>'''[[Dermatophilosis - Horse|Equine dermatophilosis]] |
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| + | '''[[Dermatophilosis - Sheep|Ovine dermatophilosis]] |
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| + | '''[[Dermatophilosis - Cattle|Bovine dermatophilosis]] |
| + | </big> |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| + | Diagnosis can often be made on history and physical exam. '''Impression smears''' can also be useful when stained with either gram stain or Giemsa and examined microscopically. |
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− | ==History and Clinical signs== | + | Additionally it is possible to '''culture material from the crusts''' however this can be difficult due to the slow growing nature of the pathogen. |
− | Lesions commonly occur followng heavy rainfall and commonly affectsthe dorsum of animals. Any previous trauma or damage to the skin can predispose to infection. Blood-sucking insects are also thought to be involved in transmission.
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| + | ==Pathology== |
| + | Grossly: |
| + | Papules, pustules, crusts may coalesce and mat the coat. |
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| + | Microscopically: |
| + | *Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis |
| + | *Multilaminated crusts, alternating keratin and inflammatory cell layers |
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| + | ==Prognosis== |
| + | Good if animals are kept dry. Often re-occurs in wet weather. |
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− | Equine dermatophilosis
| + | {{Learning |
− | Three clinical syndromes have been documented: rain scald, Mud fever and grease heel.
| + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=dermatophilosis&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=39&y=14 Dermatophilosis publications since 2000] |
| + | }} |
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− | **Papules, serous, exudative matting of hair, raised crusty scabs
| + | ==References== |
− | **Scab formation more prominent in sheep and cattle than in horses
| + | Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Eighth Edition) ''Merial'' |
− | **Lesions may resolve within weeks if dry weather, or may progress
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− | *'''Treatment''':
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− | **Parenteral antibiotics e.g oxytetracycline, pr penicillin-streptomycin combinations
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| + | 4th year Veterinary Dermatology notes. Royal Veterinary college. October-November 2008. p60-64. |
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− | [[Image: Dermatophilosis in cow.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Dermatophilosis in a cow (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
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− | *Caused by [[Dermatophilus congolensis|''Dermatophilus congolensis'']]
| + | {{review}} |
− | *Affects cattle, horses, sheep mainly
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− | *More common in wet and warm weather
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− | *Transmotted from animal to animal
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− | *Lesions tend to form on dorsal back and extremities
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− | *Associated with skin trauma, prolonged wetting or [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Parasitic| parasites]]
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− | ** -> penetration of zoospores
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− | *Bacteria proliferate in outer sheath of hair follicles and superficial epidermis
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− | *Gram-positive, filamentous branching organisms, subdivided longitudinally and transversly
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− | *Causing:
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− | **Acute inflammatory response -> neutrophil migration through dermis and epidermis -> formation of microabscesses
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− | **Further penetration of bacteria is thus prevented
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− | **Regenerated epidermis is invaded again by remaining organisms
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− | **Repeated reinfection -> multilaminated pustular crusts
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− | *Grossly:
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− | **[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Papules, pustules, crusts]] may coalesce and mat the coat
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− | *Microscopically:
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− | **Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis
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− | **Multilaminated crusts, alternating keratin and inflammatory cell layers
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− | [[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Horse]][[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]] | + | {{OpenPages}} |
| + | [[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Goat]][[Category:Zoonoses]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cat]] |
| + | [[Category:Expert Review]] |
| + | [[Category:Integumentary System - Bacterial Infections]] |