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Also known as: '''''Cutaneous streptothrichosis'''

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==Introduction==

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This is a group of diseases affecting the epidermis caused by [[Dermatophilus congolensis|''Dermatophilus congolensis'']]. It causes a range of conditions in large animals including rain scald in horses and strawberry foot rot in sheep. The disease is associated with skin trauma, prolonged wetting or [[:Category:Integumentary System - Parasitic Infections| parasites]]. Lesions typically involve exudative dermatitis with scab formation. It is a zoonosis affecting humans in close contact with infected animals.

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~~==Description==~~

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A group of diseases affecting the epidermis caused by [[Dermatophilus congolensis|dermatophilus congolensis]] . Causes a range of conditions in large animals including rain scald in horses and strawberry foot rot in sheep. Lesions typically involve exudative dermatitis with scab formation.

==Signalment==

Can be seen in animals of all ages but most commonly occurs in young animals who are chronically exposed to moisture.

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~~Affets~~ horses, sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and rarely dogs and cats.

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Affects horses, sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and rarely dogs and cats.

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==History and Clinical signs==

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Lesions commonly occur following heavy rainfall and commonly affects the dorsum of animals. Any previous trauma or damage to the skin can predispose to infection. Blood-sucking insects are also thought to be involved in transmission.

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<big>'''[[Dermatophilosis - Horse|Equine dermatophilosis]]

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'''[[Dermatophilosis - Sheep|Ovine dermatophilosis]]

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'''[[Dermatophilosis - Cattle|Bovine dermatophilosis]]

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</big>

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==Diagnosis==

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~~Can~~ often ~~make a diagnosis~~ on history and physical exam. Impression smears can also be useful when stained with either gram stain or Giemsa and examined microscopically.

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Diagnosis can often be made on history and physical exam. '''Impression smears''' can also be useful when stained with either gram stain or Giemsa and examined microscopically.

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Additionally it is possible to culture material from the crusts however this can be difficult due to the slow- growing nature of the pathogen.

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Additionally it is possible to '''culture material from the crusts''' however this can be difficult due to the slow growing nature of the pathogen.

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==Pathology==

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Grossly:

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Papules, pustules, crusts may coalesce and mat the coat.

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Microscopically:

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*Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis

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*Multilaminated crusts, alternating keratin and inflammatory cell layers

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==~~History and Clinical signs~~==

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==Prognosis==

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~~Lesions commonly occur followng heavy rainfall and commonly affectsthe dorsum of~~ animals. ~~Any previous trauma or damage to the skin can predispose to infection. Blood~~-~~sucking insects are also thought to be involved~~ in ~~transmission~~.

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Good if animals are kept dry. Often re-occurs in wet weather.

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{{Learning

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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=dermatophilosis&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=39&y=14 Dermatophilosis publications since 2000]

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}}

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~~Equine dermatophilosis~~

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==References==

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~~Three clinical syndromes have been documented: rain scald, Mud fever and grease heel.~~

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Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Eighth Edition) ''Merial''

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~~Tpically focal lesions develop into crusts and thick scabs covered by layers of pus. When scabs are removed the hair is taken wit them and alopecia results.~~

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**Papules, serous, exudative matting of hair, raised crusty scabs

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**Scab formation more prominent in sheep and cattle than in horses

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**Lesions may resolve within weeks if dry weather, or may progress

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*'''~~Treatment~~''':

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**Parenteral antibiotics e.g oxytetracycline, pr penicillin-streptomycin combinations

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4th year Veterinary Dermatology notes. Royal Veterinary college. October-November 2008. p60-64.

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~~[[Image: Dermatophilosis in cow.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Dermatophilosis in a cow (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]~~

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*Caused by [[Dermatophilus congolensis|''Dermatophilus congolensis'']]

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*Affects cattle, horses, sheep mainly

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*More common in wet and warm weather

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*Transmotted from animal to animal

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*Lesions tend to form on dorsal back and extremities

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*Associated with skin trauma, prolonged wetting or [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Parasitic| parasites]]

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** -> penetration of zoospores

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*Bacteria proliferate in outer sheath of hair follicles and superficial epidermis

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*Gram-positive, filamentous branching organisms, subdivided longitudinally and transversly

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*Causing:

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**Acute inflammatory response -> neutrophil migration through dermis and epidermis -> formation of microabscesses

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**Further penetration of bacteria is thus prevented

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**Regenerated epidermis is invaded again by remaining organisms

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**Repeated reinfection -> multilaminated pustular crusts

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*Grossly:

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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Papules, pustules, crusts]] may coalesce and mat the coat

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*Microscopically:

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**Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis

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**Multilaminated crusts, alternating keratin and inflammatory cell layers

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[[Category:~~Cattle~~]][[Category:~~Sheep~~]][[Category:~~Horse~~]][[Category:~~To_Do_~~-~~_Caz~~]]

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[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Goat]][[Category:Zoonoses]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cat]]

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[[Category:Expert Review]]

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[[Category:Integumentary System - Bacterial Infections]]

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Revision as of 18:43, 5 July 2012

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