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− | |linkpage =Alimentary System - Pathology
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− | |linktext =Alimentary System
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− | |maplink = Alimentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
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− | |pagetype =Pathology
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− | |sublink1=Small and Large Intestines - Pathology
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− | |subtext1=SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES
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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
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| ** Overall decreased absorptive capacity. | | ** Overall decreased absorptive capacity. |
| * The cellular infiltrate may result from: | | * The cellular infiltrate may result from: |
− | ** Chronic inflammation (e.g. [[Intestines Proliferative Enteritis - Pathology#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)|Johnes disease]]). | + | ** Chronic inflammation (e.g. [[Johne's Disease|Johnes disease]]). |
− | ** Immunologically mediated reactions (e.g. [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology#Eosinophilic Enteritis|eosinophilic enteropathy]]). | + | ** Immunologically mediated reactions (e.g. [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease#Eosinophilic Enteritis|eosinophilic enteropathy]]). |
− | ** Neoplasia (e.g. [[Intestine Proliferative - Pathology#Lymphoma|intestinal lymphoma]]). | + | ** Neoplasia (e.g. [[Lymphoma|intestinal lymphoma]]). |
| * Inflammatory or reactive processes immediately below the epithelium may provoke interference with epithelial transport processes and increase the tendency to diarrhoea. | | * Inflammatory or reactive processes immediately below the epithelium may provoke interference with epithelial transport processes and increase the tendency to diarrhoea. |
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| ===Acute Destructive Enteropathies=== | | ===Acute Destructive Enteropathies=== |
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− | * Invasive bacterial infections such as [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]] result in epithelial destruction and loss of surface area. | + | * Invasive bacterial infections such as [[Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]] result in epithelial destruction and loss of surface area. |
| * There is also active exudation of extracellular fluids from the eroded/ ulcerated mucosal surface. | | * There is also active exudation of extracellular fluids from the eroded/ ulcerated mucosal surface. |
| ** Exacerbated by the increased vascular permeability associated with inflammation. | | ** Exacerbated by the increased vascular permeability associated with inflammation. |
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| * Affects pigs, cattle and dogs. | | * Affects pigs, cattle and dogs. |
− | ** For more information on the pig, see [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis (TGE)|transmissable gastro-enteritis in the pig]]. | + | ** For more information on the pig, see [[Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus|transmissable gastro-enteritis in the pig]]. |
| * Caused by a coronavirus, which attacks mature absorptive cells of the intestinal villi. | | * Caused by a coronavirus, which attacks mature absorptive cells of the intestinal villi. |
| * Gives excessive loss of surface epithelial cells. | | * Gives excessive loss of surface epithelial cells. |
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| ==Diarrhoea in Small Intestinal Disease Only== | | ==Diarrhoea in Small Intestinal Disease Only== |
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− | * When disease is present only in the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]], diarrhoea occurs only when the reserve capacity of the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] to resorb water is exceeded. | + | * When disease is present only in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]], diarrhoea occurs only when the reserve capacity of the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] to resorb water is exceeded. |
− | ** The [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] is able to resorb up to 3-4 times the volume normally presented from the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]. | + | ** The [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] is able to resorb up to 3-4 times the volume normally presented from the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]. |
| * Therefore, for diarrhoea to occur, small intestinal disease must either: | | * Therefore, for diarrhoea to occur, small intestinal disease must either: |
| ** Be severe, or | | ** Be severe, or |
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| ** Interference with mucosal transport processes. | | ** Interference with mucosal transport processes. |
| ** Destruction or loss of surface area. | | ** Destruction or loss of surface area. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Freeform/fre00889.asp Diarrhea: overview] |
| + | }} |
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| + | [[Category:Intestines,_Small_and_Large_-_Pathology]] |
| + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]] |