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{{Podcasts
|link = https://bloomsbury.mediacore.tv/podcasts/wikivet-english/duck-hepatitis-virus}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
|name = DHV-II
|name = DHV-II
DHV-1 is present worldwide.
DHV-1 is present worldwide.
DHV-2 has only been reported in Norfolk, England <ref> Asplin, F. D. (1965) '''Duck hepatitis: vaccination against two serological types. '''''Vet. Rec.'', 77:1529-1530</ref> and no outbreaks have been recorded since the 1980’s.
DHV-2 has only been reported in Norfolk, England and no outbreaks have been recorded since the 1980’s.
DHV-3 has only been reported in the USA.
DHV-3 has only been reported in the USA.
'''Innoculation''' from liver suspensions can be used for confirmation of all DHVs using embryonated duck eggs, chicken eggs and tissue culture.
'''Innoculation''' from liver suspensions can be used for confirmation of all DHVs using embryonated duck eggs, chicken eggs and tissue culture.
'''Direct [[immunofluorescence]]''' can also confirm presence of DHV-I.
'''Direct [[immunofluorescence]]''' can also confirm presence of DHV-1.
'''Virus Neutralisation (VN)''' serological tests can be used to monitor vaccination response and epidemiology.
'''Virus Neutralisation (VN)''' serological tests can be used to monitor vaccination response and epidemiology.
==Control==
==Control==
'''Vaccination''' is only commercially available against '''DHV-I'''. Immunisation involves two or three innoculations. Live, attenuated and inactivated forms are available.
'''Vaccination''' is only commercially available against '''DHV-1'''. Immunisation involves two or three innoculations. Live, attenuated and inactivated forms are available.
DHV-I can be prevented by '''strict isolation''' in the first 4-5 weeks of life.
DHV-1 can be prevented by '''strict isolation''' in the first 4-5 weeks of life.
The viruses are resistant to inactivation by heat, acid and some disinfectants. Only 5% phenol and formaldehyde are successful in inactivating the viruses.
The viruses are resistant to inactivation by heat, acid and some disinfectants. Only 5% phenol and formaldehyde are successful in inactivating the viruses.
==References==
==References==
Gough R.E. and McNulty, M.S. (2007) '''Picornaviridae'''. In: '''Poultry Diseases, 6th Edition''' (eds. Pattison, M., McMullin, P., Bradbury, J., Alexander, D.) ''Saunders, Elsevier'', pp 350-359
Woolcock, P.R. (2008) '''Duck Hepatitis'''. In: '''Diseases of Poultry, 12th Edition''' (eds. Saif, Y.M., Fadly A.M., Glissen J.R., McDougald L.R., Nolan L.K., Swayne D.E.) ''Wiley-Blackwell'', pp 373-384
{{CABI source
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=84184&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 duck hepatitis], [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=84185 duck hepatitis virus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=84186 duck hepatitis virus type II]
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=84184&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 duck hepatitis], [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=84185 duck hepatitis virus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=84186 duck hepatitis virus type II]
|date =5 June 2011
|date =5 June 2011
}}
}}
<br><br><br>
<br><br>
{{Dave Cavanagh
|date = 23 August 2011
}}
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[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
[[Category:Enteroviruses]]
[[Category:Enteroviruses]]
[[Category:Astroviridae]]
[[Category:Astroviridae]]