Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

'''Dystocia is the inability to expel fetuses through the birth canal during [[Parturition|parturition]]'''.  

'''Dystocia is the inability to expel fetuses through the birth canal during [[Parturition|parturition]]'''.  

'''Medical management''' may be considered when the condition of the dam and fetuses is stable, when there is proper fetal position and presentation, and when there is no obstruction. '''[[Ovaries Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Oxytocin]]''' given IM up to 3 times at 30-min intervals, with or without 10% '''calcium gluconate''' given slowly IV in an attempt to promote uterine contractions. If no response follows, a cesarean section should be performed.

'''Medical management''' may be considered when the condition of the dam and fetuses is stable, when there is proper fetal position and presentation, and when there is no obstruction. '''[[Ovaries Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Oxytocin]]''' given IM up to 3 times at 30-min intervals, with or without 10% '''calcium gluconate''' given slowly IV in an attempt to promote uterine contractions. If no response follows, a cesarean section should be performed.

'''Caesarean section''' is indicated for '''obstructive dystocia, dystocia accompanied by shock or systemic illness, primary uterine inertia, prolonged active labor if medical management has failed'''. Cases with '''foetal oversize, foetal malformation, non-reducible malpresentation, foetal distress, and uterine damage''' should also be managed surgically. [[Category:Fluid Therapy|Fluid therapy]] should be administered throughout surgery and low doses or short acting, reversible drugs should be used in combination with local anaesthetics to minimise the effects on the fetuses. Recommendations are an '''opiod''' for sedation (if required), '''propofol''' for induction and '''isofluorane''' for maintenance of anaesthesia.  

'''Caesarean section''' is indicated for '''obstructive dystocia, dystocia accompanied by shock or systemic illness, primary uterine inertia, prolonged active labor if medical management has failed'''. Cases with '''foetal oversize, foetal malformation, non-reducible malpresentation, foetal distress, and uterine damage''' should also be managed surgically. [[:Category:Fluid Therapy|Fluid therapy]] should be administered throughout surgery and low doses or short acting, reversible drugs should be used in combination with local anaesthetics to minimise the effects on the fetuses. Recommendations are an '''opiod''' for sedation (if required), '''propofol''' for induction and '''isofluorane''' for maintenance of anaesthesia.  

==Neonatal Care==

==Neonatal Care==

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[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Expert Review]]

[[Category:Expert Review]]