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=== Additives ===
=== Additives ===
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!colspan="1" bgcolor="#97C7F7"|Table 2 - Categories (1-4) and examples of functional groups of additives.
!colspan="2" bgcolor="#97C7F7"|Table 2 - Categories (1-4) and examples of functional groups of additives.
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!align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>1) Technological Additives</i>
!colspan="2" align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>1) Technological Additives</i>
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!align="left" width="100%"|a. Preservatives
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|a. Preservatives
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!align="left" width="100%"|b. Antioxidants
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|b. Antioxidants
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!align="left" width="100%"|c. Emulsifiers
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|c. Emulsifiers
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!align="left" width="100%"|d. Stabilisers
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|d. Stabilisers
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!align="left" width="100%"|e. Thickeners
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|e. Thickeners
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!align="left" width="100%"|f. Gelling agents
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|f. Gelling agents
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!align="left" width="100%"|e. Binders
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|e. Binders
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!align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>2) Sensory Additives</i>
!colspan="2" align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>2) Sensory Additives</i>
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!align="left" width="100%"|a. Colourants
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|a. Colourants
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!align="left" width="100%"|b. Flavouring compounds
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|b. Flavouring compounds
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!align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>3) Nutritional Additives</i>
!colspan="2" align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>3) Nutritional Additives</i>
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!align="left" width="100%"|a. Vitamins, pro-vitamins and chemically well-defined substances having a similar effect
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|a. Vitamins, pro-vitamins and chemically well-defined substances having a similar effect
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!align="left" width="100%"|b. Compounds of trace elements
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|b. Compounds of trace elements
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!align="left" width="100%"|c. Amino acids, their salts and analogues
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|c. Amino acids, their salts and analogues
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!align="left" width="100%"|d. Urea and its derivatives
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|d. Urea and its derivatives
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!align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>4) Zootechnical Additives</i>
!colspan="2" align="left" width="100%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>4) Zootechnical Additives</i>
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!align="left" width="100%"|a. Digestibility enhancers
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|a. Digestibility enhancers
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!align="left" width="100%"|b. Gut flora stabilisers
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|b. Gut flora stabilisers
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!align="left" width="100%"|c. Coccidiostats and histomonostats
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|c. Coccidiostats and histomonostats
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!align="left" width="100%"|d. Other zootechnical additives
!width="10%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|d. Other zootechnical additives
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Within the EU, Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition provides for 4 categories of additives (1-4), each of which contain functional groups (Table 2). More categories may be added over time. Vitamins and trace elements are considered additives and, therefore, are not listed under composition.
==== Which Additives Must Be Declared on the Label? ====
According to Regulation 767/2009, the following additives have to be declared if added by the manufacturer:
* Additives where a maximum content is set for any kind of target species (see Register of additives for links to authorising legislation). This means that, for example, if an additive has a maximum inclusion level for calves, it has to be declared also on the label of cat foods, if added. This is because pet foods and livestock feed are regulated by the same legislation.
* Additives belonging to the categories:
::* Zootechnical additives
::* Coccidiostats & histomonostats
::* Additives belonging to the functional group ‘urea & derivatives’
::* Any other additive if its presence is emphasized on the label, whether in words, picture or graphic.
==== How Additives Must Be Declared: ====
The specific name of the additive as defined in the relevant legal act authorising the additive and/or its identification number* must be declared in a list preceded by the name of the functional group or category to which they belong (Table 2). In addition to the name, the added amount of the additive must be declared. The list of additives has to be preceded by the heading ‘additives’.
*N.B. Since the beginning of the reauthorisation of feed additives under Regulation 1831/2003 as amended, E numbers are being replaced with new identification numbers.
==== Derogations ====
For pet food, additives of the functional groups “preservatives, antioxidants and colorants” with a maximum legal level, only the respective functional group can be declared. In this case, the name, identification number and the functional group of the feed additive, which are not declared, shall be disclosed to the purchaser on his request.
=== Particular Nutritional Purposes (PARNUT) ===
=== Particular Nutritional Purposes (PARNUT) ===