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==Signalment==
==Signalment==
Host include chimpanzees, monkeys, elephants, lions, squirrels, mongooses, racoons and pigs. '''Pigs''' are the '''domestic host''' for the virus and the '''most susceptible to EMCV''' infection. The '''major reservoir of the disease is rodents'''. Rats and other rodents infect swine directly or through diseased carcasses and contaminated feeds or water supplies.
Host include chimpanzees, monkeys, elephants, lions, squirrels, mongooses, racoons and pigs. '''Pigs''' are the '''domestic host''' for the virus and the '''most susceptible to EMCV''' infection.
Clinical problems in pigs are mostly limited to tropical areas where the infection can cause significant economic losses. The disease has also been observed in different zoo animals.
Clinical problems in pigs are mostly limited to tropical areas where the infection can cause significant economic losses. The disease has also been observed in different zoo animals.
==Epidemiology==
==Epidemiology==
The mode of virus transmission is not clear but rodent-to-pig transmission is probably common. Infected pigs can shed the virus in faeces but pig to pig transmission has not yet been proved experimentally.
The mode of virus transmission is not clear but rodent-to-pig transmission is probably common and rodnets act as the '''major reservoir of the disease. Rats and other rodents probably infect pigs directly or through diseased carcasses and contaminated feeds or water supplies.
Infected pigs can shed the virus in faeces but pig to pig transmission has not yet been proved experimentally.
The route of infection in swine is likely to be oral and experiments have shown this to be the case. Virus can be shed from infected pigs for up to 9 days in their faeces. Animals that survive acute disease produced EMCV antibodies and the course of infection depends upon the virus strain, dose, history and the individual’s immune system. Further experiments have shown that intramuscular infection can cause transplacental infection and foetal deaths in pregnant sows <ref name="Love and Grewal, 1986"> Love, R.J., Grewal, A.S., (1986). '''Reproductive failure in pigs caused by encephalomyocarditis virus'''. ''Australian Veterinary Journal'', 63(4):128-129; 3 ref.</ref>
The route of infection in swine is likely to be oral and experiments have shown this to be the case. Virus can be shed from infected pigs for up to 9 days in their faeces. Animals that survive acute disease produced EMCV antibodies and the course of infection depends upon the virus strain, dose, history and the individual’s immune system. Further experiments have shown that intramuscular infection can cause transplacental infection and foetal deaths in pregnant sows <ref name="Love and Grewal, 1986"> Love, R.J., Grewal, A.S., (1986). '''Reproductive failure in pigs caused by encephalomyocarditis virus'''. ''Australian Veterinary Journal'', 63(4):128-129; 3 ref.</ref>