Changes

Infected foetuses can grossly vary depending on the stage of pregnancy and infection and myocardial lesions may be indistinguishable from other viral infections. Foetuses can be haemorrhagic, oedematous or apparently normal.  

Infected foetuses can grossly vary depending on the stage of pregnancy and infection and myocardial lesions may be indistinguishable from other viral infections. Foetuses can be haemorrhagic, oedematous or apparently normal.  

'''Histopathological''' findings include myocarditis with focal or diffuse accumulation of mononuclear cells, vascular congestion, oedema, degeneration of the myocardial fibres with necrosis and occasional mineralization of necrotic heart muscle. Brain tissue can be congestion with evidence of meningitis, perivascular infiltration (mononuclear cells) and neuronal degeneration.  Nonsuppurative encephalitis and myocarditis has also been seen in naturally infected swine foetuses.   

'''Histopathological''' findings include myocarditis with focal or diffuse accumulation of mononuclear cells, vascular congestion, oedema, degeneration of the myocardial fibres with necrosis and occasional mineralization of necrotic heart muscle. Brain tissue can be congested with evidence of meningitis, perivascular infiltration (mononuclear cells) and neuronal degeneration.  Nonsuppurative encephalitis and myocarditis has also been seen in naturally infected swine foetuses.   

Detection of antibody specific to EMCV from still-born piglets has been used to confirm foetal infection <ref name="Joo et al., 1988"> Joo, H.S., Kim, H.S., Leman, A.D., (1988) '''Detection of antibody to encephalomyocarditis virus in mummified or stillborn pigs'''. ''Archives of Virology'', 100(1-2):131-134; 9 ref.</ref>  <ref name="Kim et al., 1991"> Kim, H.S., Joo, H.S., Christianson, W.T., Morrison, R.B., (1991) '''Evaluation of serologic methods for detection of antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus in swine fetal thoracic fluids'''. ''Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation'', 3(4):283-286; 20 ref.</ref>

Detection of antibody specific to EMCV from still-born piglets has been used to confirm foetal infection <ref name="Joo et al., 1988"> Joo, H.S., Kim, H.S., Leman, A.D., (1988) '''Detection of antibody to encephalomyocarditis virus in mummified or stillborn pigs'''. ''Archives of Virology'', 100(1-2):131-134; 9 ref.</ref>  <ref name="Kim et al., 1991"> Kim, H.S., Joo, H.S., Christianson, W.T., Morrison, R.B., (1991) '''Evaluation of serologic methods for detection of antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus in swine fetal thoracic fluids'''. ''Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation'', 3(4):283-286; 20 ref.</ref>