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| + | ==[[Skin Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Endocrinology of the Skin]]== |
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| + | There are various hormones that influence the structure of the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|skin]]. These influences may be made apparent by the repeated long-term administration of various glucocorticoids or their analogues. Endogenous imbalances are generally seen in adult mature animals although congenital forms have been seen, especially with [[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Problems associated with the Thyroid Gland|hypothyroidism]]. The hormones implicated as important for maintaining skin structure are '''thyroxine, cortisol''' and '''estradiol'''. Deficiencies or excessive production may result from abberations in the function of the [[Adrenal Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|hypothalamic-adrenal axis]], the '''adrenal gland, thyroid gland''' or the '''gonads'''. |
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− | |maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology | |
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− | ==Endocrinology of the Skin==
| + | Cutaneous changes may include [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|alopecia]], epidermal and dermal thinning, atrophy of [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Glands|sebaceous glands]] and the [[Hair - Anatomy & Physiology#Hair Types|arrector pili]] muscles. There may also be an increased risk of [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology|microbial infection]] due to poor immune surveillance and delayed wound healing. There are significant differences between species in the manifestation of symptoms. |
− | There are various hormones that may influence the structure of the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|skin]]. These influences may be made apparent by the repeated long-term administration of various glucocorticoids or their analogues. Endogenous imbalances are generally seen in adult mature animals although congenital forms have been seen, especially with [[Endocrine System - Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Problems associated with the Thyroid Gland|hypothyroidism]]. The hormones implicated as important for maintaining skin structure are '''thyroxine, cortisol''' and '''estradiol'''. Deficiencies or excessive production may result from abberations in the function of the [[Endocrine System - Adrenal Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|hypothalamic-adrenal axis]], the '''adrenal gland, thyroid gland''' and the '''gonads'''.
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− | Cutaneous changes may include [[Hair - Anatomy & Physiology#Hair Types|telogen]] hair follicles leading to [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|alopecia]], epidermal and dermal thinning, atrophy of [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Glands|sebaceous glands]] and the [[Hair - Anatomy & Physiology#Hair Types|arrector pili]] muscles. There may also be an increased risk of [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology|microbial infection]] due to poor immune surveillance and delayed wound healing. There are significant differences between species in the manifestation of symptoms. | |
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| ==Nutrition and the Skin== | | ==Nutrition and the Skin== |
− | Most animals are fed balanced diets and are therefore unlikely to exhibit symptoms when in veterinary care. There are some systemic conditions that can reflect deficiency as a result of [[Liver - General Pathology|hepatic]] or [[The Small and Large Intestines|intestinal]] diseases for example. | + | Most animals are fed balanced diets and are therefore unlikely to exhibit symptoms. There are some systemic conditions that can reflect deficiency as a result of [[:Category:Liver - General Pathology|hepatic]] or [[Intestines, Small and Large - Pathology|intestinal]] diseases for example. |
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| Malnutrition whether due to a deficiency of protein or other nutrients or secondary to a debilitating condition may lead to a dull, brittle and thin [[Hair - Anatomy & Physiology|haircoat]] and to dry, scaly [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|skin]]. This in part reflects the high requirement for dietary amino acids to supply requisite building blocks for epidermal turnover and hair growth. Sulfur-containing amino acids are common in the skin and therefore sulfur supplementation is popular for dealing with skin conditions. | | Malnutrition whether due to a deficiency of protein or other nutrients or secondary to a debilitating condition may lead to a dull, brittle and thin [[Hair - Anatomy & Physiology|haircoat]] and to dry, scaly [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|skin]]. This in part reflects the high requirement for dietary amino acids to supply requisite building blocks for epidermal turnover and hair growth. Sulfur-containing amino acids are common in the skin and therefore sulfur supplementation is popular for dealing with skin conditions. |
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| ===Vitamins=== | | ===Vitamins=== |
− | *'''Vitamin A''' has a variety of roles that may infulence skin and coat condition. Some conditions may respond to supplementation with vitamin A or zinc, but this may not necessarily reflect a deficiency in the diet. | + | *'''Vitamin A''' has a variety of roles that may influence skin and coat condition. Some conditions may respond to supplementation with vitamin A or zinc, but this may not necessarily reflect a deficiency in the diet. |
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| + | *'''Vitamin C''' deficiency may be associated with [[Skin Nutritional - Pathology|scurvy]] in guinea pigs. The impact of various disease processes that influence feed intake may lead to poor quality coat and skin condition. |
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− | *'''Vitamin C''' deficiency may be associated with '''scurvy''' in guinea pigs. The impact of various disease processes that influence feed intake may lead to poor quality coat and skin condition. | + | *'''[[Vitamin D]]''' is processed in part in the skin. |
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− | *'''Vitamin D''' is processed in part in the skin.
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| + | [[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]] |