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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Comprised of a group of duct-less glands with limited or no anatomical contact with each other, the Endocrine System integrates and controls metabolic activity through the secretion of [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] into the [[Vascular System - Anatomy & Physiology|vascular system]]. These hormones may have their effects on tissues and organs far from where they were produced.   

Comprised of a group of duct-less glands with limited or no anatomical contact with each other, the endocrine system integrates and controls metabolic activity through the secretion of [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] into the [[Vascular System - Anatomy & Physiology|vascular system]]. These hormones may have their effects on tissues and organs far from where they were produced.   

The endocrine system integrates with, and is under the control of the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Nervous System|Nervous System]] with close association between the [[Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]] and the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]], which acts to co-ordinate many of the body's other endocrine glands. The system relies largely on [[Negative Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|negative feedback]] loops to maintain homeostasis, with some examples of [[Positive Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|positive feedback]] to elicit suitable responses.

The endocrine system integrates with, and is under the control of the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Nervous System|nervous system]] with close association between the [[Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|hypothalamus]] and the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|pituitary gland]], which acts to co-ordinate many of the body's other endocrine glands. The system relies largely on [[Negative Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|negative feedback]] loops to maintain homeostasis, with some examples of [[Positive Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|positive feedback]] to elicit suitable responses.

Many of the endocrine glands have a similar basic structure, composed of clusters of secretory cells of epithelial origin.  Hormones are secreted into the interstitial space whereby they are rapidly absorbed into the [[Vascular System - Anatomy & Physiology|vascular system]].  In contrast the [[Exocrine - Anatomy & Physiology|exocrine]] system utilises ducts enabling it to secrete its contents directly to its target area.

Many of the endocrine glands have a similar basic structure, composed of clusters of secretory cells of epithelial origin.  Hormones are secreted into the interstitial space whereby they are rapidly absorbed into the [[Vascular System - Anatomy & Physiology|vascular system]].  In contrast the [[Exocrine - Anatomy & Physiology|exocrine]] system utilises ducts enabling it to secrete its contents directly to its target area.

==The main endocrine glands==  

==The Endocrine Glands==  

*[[Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]]

*[[Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]]

*[[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]]

*[[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]]

*[[Adrenal Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|Adrenal Glands]]

*[[Adrenal Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|Adrenal Glands]]

*[[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pineal Gland]]

*[[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pineal Gland]]

Endocrine functions of the following tissues and organs will be briefly covered:

 

*[[Endocrine Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|Pancreas]]

==Tissues and organs with endocrine functions==

*[[Endocrine System - Gut - Anatomy & Physiology|Gut]]

*[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine Function|Pancreas]]

*[[Endocrine System - Kidney - Anatomy & Physiology|Kidney]]

*[[Gut Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Gut]]

*[[Endocrine System - Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|Heart]]

*[[Kidney Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Kidney]]

*[[Endocrine System - Adipose Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|Adipose Tissue]]

*[[Heart Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Heart]]

*[[Endocrine System - Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|Liver]]

*[[Adipose Tissue Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Adipose Tissue]]

*[[Endocrine System - Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|Skin]]

*[[Liver Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Liver]]

*[[Skin Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Skin]]

*[[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|Thymus]]

*[[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|Thymus]]

*[[Endocrine System - Testes - Anatomy & Physiology|Testes]]

*[[Testes Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Testes]]

*[[Endocrine System - Ovaries - Anatomy & Physiology|Ovaries]]

*[[Ovaries Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Ovaries]]

*[[Endocrine System - Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|Placenta]]  

*[[Placenta Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Placenta]]

Also mentioned are the main hormonally controlled homeostatic mechanisms for ions:

 

*[[Calcium Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology|Calcium Homeostasis]]

==Homeostatic mechanisms under hormonal control==

*[[Phosphorus Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology|Phosphorus Homeostasis]]

*[[Calcium|Calcium Homeostasis]]

*[[Magnesium - Anatomy & Physiology|Magnesium]]

*[[Phosphorus|Phosphorus Homeostasis]]

==Test Yourself on Endocrinology - Anatomy and Physiology==

*[[Magnesium|Magnesium]]

*[[Endocrine System - Flash Cards - Anatomy and Physiology|Endocrinology Flashcards]]

 

 

|flashcards = [[:Category:Endocrine System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards|Endocrinology Flashcards]]

|OVAM = [[Endocrine System Vetlogic Quiz|Endocrine System Quiz]]

 

==Acknowledgements and Reference Material==

*{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}

*{{citation|initiallast = Sjaastad|initialfirst = O.V|2last = Hove|2first = K|finallast = Sand|finalfirst = O|year = 2004|title = Physiology of Domestic Animals|city = Oslo|pub = Scandinavian Veterinary Press}}

 

*[[Endocrine System - Acknowledgements - Anatomy & Physiology|Acknowledgements]]

[[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

**[[Jo Henstock]]