Changes

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

*Often affects older animals but kittens of 16 weeks old and puppies of 20 weeks old have been reported.  

*Often affects older animals but kittens of 16 weeks old and puppies of 20 weeks old have been reported.  

==Description==

==Description==

'''Lymphocytic - plasmacytic enteritis (LPE)''' is the most common form of [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease - WikiClinical|Inflammatory Bowel Disease]] (IBD).  As its name suggests, the predominant cell type in the intestinal mucosa is [[Lymphocytes|'''lymphocytes''']] and '''plasma cells'''.  Enteric parasites, bacteria in dogs and [[Toxoplasma|''Toxoplasma'']] in cats have been reported to associated with LPE.  This disorder in cats have also been shown to associate with concurrent disease of the pancreas and liver such as [[Pancreatitis - WikiClinical|pancreatitis]], [[Cholangitis/Cholagiohepatitis- WikiClinical|cholangitis]] and [[Hepatic Lipidosis - WikiClinical|hepatic lipidosis]].  LPE is believed to be caused by an abnormal [[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)]] response to luminal bacterial, dietary or self-antigens.   

'''Lymphocytic - plasmacytic enteritis (LPE)''' is the most common form of [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease|Inflammatory Bowel Disease]] (IBD).  As its name suggests, the predominant cell type in the intestinal mucosa is [[Lymphocytes - Introduction|'''lymphocytes''']] and '''plasma cells'''.  Enteric parasites, bacteria in dogs and [[Toxoplasma gondii|''Toxoplasma'']] in cats have been reported to associated with LPE.  This disorder in cats have also been shown to associate with concurrent disease of the pancreas and liver such as [[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]], [[Cholangitis|cholangitis]] and [[Hepatic Lipidosis|hepatic lipidosis]].  LPE is believed to be caused by an abnormal [[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)]] response to luminal bacterial, dietary or self-antigens.   

The [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestines]] are affected to a variable degree of severity.  It has also been known to affect other parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the [[:Category:Stomach and Abomasum - Pathology|stomach]] and the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].  In severely affected animals, this will result in a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).

The [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestines]] are affected to a variable degree of severity.  It has also been known to affect other parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the [[:Category:Stomach and Abomasum - Pathology|stomach]] and the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].  In severely affected animals, this will result in a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

*abdominal discomfort

*abdominal discomfort

*ascites or subcutaneous oedema if severe PLE resulting in hypoproteinaemia

*ascites or subcutaneous oedema if severe PLE resulting in hypoproteinaemia

*concurrent systemic immune-mediated response and [[Thrombosis - Pathology#Thromboembolism|thromboembolism]] (rare)

*concurrent systemic immune-mediated response and [[Thromboembolism|thromboembolism]] (rare)

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===

====Other Tests====

====Other Tests====

*Serum trypsin-like immunoassay (TLI) to rule out [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency - WikiClinical|exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)]].

*Serum trypsin-like immunoassay (TLI) to rule out [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency|exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)]].

*Faecal analysis to rule out endoparasite and pathogenic bacteria.

*Faecal analysis to rule out endoparasite and pathogenic bacteria.

*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''

*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.