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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Entropion is a common congenital disorder in lambs and is usually characterised by '''the turning in of one or both lower eyelids'''. In-turned hairs rub on the cornea and cause severe irritation. The condition is seen in most breeds of British sheep and is probably '''inherited''', although the nature of the inheritance is unknown.

Entropion is a common congenital disorder in lambs and is usually characterised by '''the turning in of one or both lower eyelids'''. In-turned hairs rub on the cornea and cause severe irritation. The condition is seen in most breeds of British sheep and is probably '''inherited''', although the nature of the inheritance is unknown.

'''Secondary or cicatritial entropion''' can also occur due to previous injury.

'''Secondary or cicatritial entropion''' can also occur due to previous injury.

==Clinical signs==

==Clinical Signs==

The condition is painful and affected animals show signs such as: '''blepharospasm and epiphora'''.

The condition is painful and affected animals show signs such as: '''blepharospasm and epiphora'''.

'''Fluorescein''' can be used to demonstrate the presence of corneal ulcers.

'''Fluorescein''' can be used to demonstrate the presence of corneal ulcers.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Lambs with entropion '''should not become part of the future breeding stock''' and '''rams that produce entropion lambs should not be kept for breeding'''.

Lambs with entropion '''should not become part of the future breeding stock''' and '''rams that produce entropion lambs should not be kept for breeding'''.

'''Traction sutures or clips''': can also be used by placing '''vertical mattress sutures or clips''' to evert the affected eyelid. This can be used when many lambs are affected, and the sutures are allowed to slough off several weeks later.

'''Traction sutures or clips''': can also be used by placing '''vertical mattress sutures or clips''' to evert the affected eyelid. This can be used when many lambs are affected, and the sutures are allowed to slough off several weeks later.

'''Injection technique''': for economic reasons, the condition has sometimes been treated by injection of a liquid to physically alter lid alignement. Injection of '''procain penicillin or tetracycline''' has been described. The use of paraffin causes a granulomatous response and should be avoided. Manual eversion and stapling are preferred to this technique.

'''Injection technique''': for economic reasons, the condition has sometimes been treated by injection of a liquid to physically alter lid alignment. Injection of '''procain penicillin or tetracycline''' has been described. The use of paraffin causes a granulomatous response and should be avoided. Manual eversion and stapling are preferred to this technique.

'''Surgery''': Non-responsive entropion or entropion in a valuable animal can be treated with surgical removal of a strip of skin and muscle from under the eyelid, a modified Holz-Celsus technique.

'''Surgery''': non-responsive entropion or entropion in a valuable animal can be treated with surgical removal of a strip of skin and muscle from under the eyelid, a modified Holz-Celsus technique.

 

==References==

==References==

Crispin, S. (2005) '''Notes on veterinary ophthalmology''', ''Wiley-Blackwell''

Crispin, S. (2005) '''Notes on veterinary ophthalmology''', ''Wiley-Blackwell''

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

 

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

 

 

[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Sheep]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Farm Animal]]