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− | {{review}}
| + | ==Introduction== |
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− | ==Description== | |
| A pneumonic disease which is caused by a range of infectious agents in combination with management and environmental stress causing damage to the respiratory tract predisposing to disease. | | A pneumonic disease which is caused by a range of infectious agents in combination with management and environmental stress causing damage to the respiratory tract predisposing to disease. |
− | It is principally of viral origin and the following viruses have been implemented in disease. [[Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus|Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)]], [[Bovine Parainfluenza - 3|Parainfluenza- 3 (PI3)]], [[Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus|Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)]], [[Bovine Adenovirus|Adenoviruses]], [[Bovine Enteric Coronavirus|Calf coronavirus]] and [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|Bovine herpes viruses]]. | + | It is principally of viral origin and the following viruses have been implemented in disease. [[Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus|Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)]], [[Bovine Parainfluenza - 3|Parainfluenza- 3 (PI3)]], [[Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus|Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)]], [[Bovine Adenovirus|Adenoviruses]], [[Bovine Coronavirus|Calf coronavirus]] and [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|Bovine herpes viruses]]. |
| [[Mycoplasmas]] have also been implemented and secondary bacterial infection is common. | | [[Mycoplasmas]] have also been implemented and secondary bacterial infection is common. |
| Bacterial agents include [[Mannheimia haemolytica|''Manheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica'' serotype A1]], [[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']], [[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacter pyogenes'']] and ''[[Haemophilus somnus]]''. | | Bacterial agents include [[Mannheimia haemolytica|''Manheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica'' serotype A1]], [[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']], [[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacter pyogenes'']] and ''[[Haemophilus somnus]]''. |
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| ==Pathology== | | ==Pathology== |
− | [[Image:Acute suppurative pneumonia.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Acute suppurative pneumonia (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | + | [[Image:Acute suppurative pneumonia.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>Acute suppurative pneumonia (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] |
− | [[Image:Calf pneumonia.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Calf pneumonia - chronic, with abscesses, fibrosis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | + | [[Image:Calf pneumonia.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>Calf pneumonia - chronic, with abscesses, fibrosis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] |
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| '''Gross pathology''': | | '''Gross pathology''': |
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| '''Micro pathology''': | | '''Micro pathology''': |
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− | Even to proper follicle formation is present, some of which may be large enough to compress the lumen. | + | Even though proper follicle formation is present, some of which may be large enough to compress the lumen. |
− | A mixed cell exudate will be present in the airway lumen and substantial lymphoid tissue will be present around the airways. The alveolar walls may be thickened with [[Lymphocytes|lymphocytes]]. | + | A mixed cell exudate will be present in the airway lumen and substantial lymphoid tissue will be present around the airways. The alveolar walls may be thickened with [[Lymphocytes - Introduction|lymphocytes]]. |
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| ==Treatment and Control== | | ==Treatment and Control== |
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| ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
| Good if recognised early and if affected animals are treated and management is improved. | | Good if recognised early and if affected animals are treated and management is improved. |
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| + | ==Literature Search== |
| + | [[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]] |
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| + | Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation). |
| + | <br><br><br> |
| + | [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Enzootic+Pneumonia%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=cattle&occuring2=od&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=40&y=17&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all Enzootic pneumonia of calves publications] |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Eighth Edition) ''Merial '' | | Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Eighth Edition) ''Merial '' |
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− | [[Category:Cattle]] | + | |
| + | {{review}} |
| + | [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]] |
| [[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]] | | [[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]] |
− | [[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]
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− | [[Category:Expert_Review]] | + | |
| + | [[Category:Brian Aldridge reviewing]] |