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| − | '''Go to [[#Donkey|donkey parameters]]'''
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| | ===Horse=== | | ===Horse=== |
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| − | ===Donkey===
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Parameter/units
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Average
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Range
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Interpretation
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l
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| − | |5.5
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| − | |(4 - 7.3)
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| − | |'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
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| − | Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Hb g/dl
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| − | |11.6
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| − | |(9 - 15.3)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
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| − | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|MCHC g/dl
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| − | |34.8
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| − | |(31.4 - 39.1)
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| − | |'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
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| − | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |10.2
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| − | |(6.1 - 16.1)
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| − | |'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
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| − | during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |5.0
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| − | |(2.2 - 13.3)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |0.38
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| − | |(0.09 - 1.15)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |0
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| − | |(0 - 0.5)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |4.2
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| − | |(1.8 - 7.8)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |0.13
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| − | |(0 - 0.8)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(4 - 7.3)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1
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| | [[Category:Normal Haematology]] | | [[Category:Normal Haematology]] |
| | [[Category:WikiNormals]] | | [[Category:WikiNormals]] |