Changes

|q1= What is your clinical diagnosis and what prognosis would you give the foal?

|q1= What is your clinical diagnosis and what prognosis would you give the foal?

|a1= Tetanus. With a slow onset of clinical signs, appropriate aggressive therapy and no rapid deterioration, the foal has about a 50% chance of survival.

|a1= Tetanus. With a slow onset of clinical signs, appropriate aggressive therapy and no rapid deterioration, the foal has about a 50% chance of survival.

|l1=

|l1= Tetanus - Horse

|q2= What factors may have led to the foal being susceptible to this disease?

|q2= What factors may have led to the foal being susceptible to this disease?

|a2= (1) Inadequate vaccination of dam with failure to give a tetanus toxoid ‘booster’ 1–3 months prior to parturition.  

|a2= (1) Inadequate vaccination of dam with failure to give a tetanus toxoid ‘booster’ 1–3 months prior to parturition.  

(4) Waning of passively derived tetanus antibodies prior to initial vaccination.

(4) Waning of passively derived tetanus antibodies prior to initial vaccination.

|l2=

|l2= Tetanus - Horse

|q3= What treatment should you institute?

|q3= What treatment should you institute?

|a3= (1) Penicillin therapy; initially sodium benzyl penicillin IV four times over the first day of treatment followed by procaine penicillin IM twice daily.  

|a3= (1) Penicillin therapy; initially sodium benzyl penicillin IV four times over the first day of treatment followed by procaine penicillin IM twice daily.  

(5) IV fluid therapy and nutritional.  

(5) IV fluid therapy and nutritional.  

(6) Recognition of when prognosis becomes hopeless to allow speedy euthanasia.

(6) Recognition of when prognosis becomes hopeless to allow speedy euthanasia.

|l3=

|l3= Tetanus - Horse

|q4= What would you recommend as routine stud farm management for the prevention of this disease?

|q4= What would you recommend as routine stud farm management for the prevention of this disease?

|a4= Ensure mares are fully vaccinated and receive annual boosters 1–3 months prior to foaling. If in doubt, administer tetanus antitoxin to the foal at birth and repeat 4 weeks later. Administer tetanus toxoid at 3–4 months of age, again 4 weeks later and repeat annually.

|a4= Ensure mares are fully vaccinated and receive annual boosters 1–3 months prior to foaling. If in doubt, administer tetanus antitoxin to the foal at birth and repeat 4 weeks later. Administer tetanus toxoid at 3–4 months of age, again 4 weeks later and repeat annually.

|l4=

|l4= Tetanus - Horse

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