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Equine Upper Respiratory Tract - Horse Anatomy (view source)
Revision as of 22:13, 15 November 2012
, 22:13, 15 November 2012→Larynx
The [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is located rostrally to the larynx, whilst the trachea is located caudally. The larynx is suspended from the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]. It is bilaterally symmetrical and 'tube-shaped' and can be described as a '''musculocartilagenous organ'''.
The [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is located rostrally to the larynx, whilst the trachea is located caudally. The larynx is suspended from the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]. It is bilaterally symmetrical and 'tube-shaped' and can be described as a '''musculocartilagenous organ'''.
====Synovial joints====
Synovial joints can be found between the '''thyrohyoid bone''' and the dorsorostral aspect of the '''thyroid cartilage'''. Synovial joints include the dorsal joint of '''thyroid cartilage'''; between the lateral aspect of the '''cricoid cartilage''' and the dorsocaudal aspect of the '''thyroid cartilage''' and between the '''cricoid''' and '''arytenoid cartilage'''. This allows abduction and adduction of the '''arytenoid cartilages'''. Movement of the '''cricoid-arytenoid joint''' controls the size of the glottic opening, the lumen and the larynx.
====Ligaments====
Membranes and elastic ligaments attach the laryngeal cartilages, allowing attachment of the epiglottis to the '''thyroid''' and '''cricoid cartilage'''. The first tracheal ring has attachment with the '''cricoid cartilage''' by the '''cricotracheal ligament'''.
===Laryngeal Cartilages===
===Laryngeal Cartilages===
===Vestibular Folds===
===Vestibular Folds===
The vestibular folds are made of (slightly stiffer) elastic ligaments. The '''vestibular ligaments''' are rostral to the '''vocal ligament'''. The vestibular folds run caudodorsally, rostral to the vocal folds with the ligament positioned medially and the '''vocalis muscle''' laterally.
The vestibular folds are made of (slightly stiffer) elastic ligaments. The '''vestibular ligaments''' are rostral to the '''vocal ligament'''. The vestibular folds run caudodorsally, rostral to the vocal folds with the ligament positioned medially and the '''vocalis muscle''' laterally.
===Vestibule===
The '''vestibule''' extends from the entrance of the larynx to the '''arytenoid cartilages''' and '''vocal folds'''. The '''vestibular folds''' run parallel, but rostral to, the '''vocal folds'''.
===Glottic cleft===
The '''glottic cleft''' (rima glottidis) is surrounded by the '''arytenoid cartilages''' dorsally and '''vocal cords''' ventrolaterally. It varies in size and is diamond shaped. The glottic cleft disappears when the glottis is closed. Vocal folds run caudodorsally. The '''infraglottic cavity''' extends from the caudal section of the '''arytenoid cartilages''' into the lumen of the trachea. It is fixed in size.
===Epiglottis===
The epiglottis is the rostral margin of the larynx. It is a flap of [[Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology#Elastic Cartilage|elastic cartilage]] covered by mucous membrane. It forms the rostral boundary of the larynx and prevents food particles from entering the trachea. The epiglottis can return to its normal size and shape after distortion due to the vast amount of elastic fibres present within.
===Intrinsic Musculature===
===Intrinsic Musculature===