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Also known as: '''''Equine viral encephalomyelitis — Equine viral encephalitides — Equine viral encephalomyelitides'''''
====Description====
==Introduction==
Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Most commonly involves [[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis]].
====Signalment====
==Aetiology==
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
Family Bornaviridae, Genus ''Bornavirus''
*Clinical signs
*Borna Disease Virus
*Virus isolation can be performed from blood or spinal fluid
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Bunyamweravirus''
*Cache Valley Virus
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Orthobunyavirus''
*California Encephalitis viruses <ref>Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
**Snowshoe Hare Virus
**Jamestown Canyon Virus
*Main Drain Virus
Family [[:Category:Flaviviridae|Flaviviridae]], Genus [[:Category:Flaviviruses|''Flavivirus'']]
*[[Japanese Encephalitis Virus]]
*Kunjin Virus
*[[Louping Ill|Louping Ill Virus]]
*Murray Valley Virus
*Powassan virus
*St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
*[[West Nile Virus|West Nile Virus (WNV) **]]
Family [[:Category:Paramyxoviridae|Paramyxoviridae]], Genus ''Henipavirus''
*[[Nipah Virus]]
Family [[:Category:Rhabdoviridae|Rhabdoviridae]], Genus ''Lyssavirus''
*[[Rabies]] Virus
Family [[:Category:Reoviridae|Reoviridae]], Genus ''Orbivirus''
*Equine Encephalosis Virus
[[:Category:Togaviridae|Family Togaviridae]], Genus [[Equine Encephalitis Virus|''Alphavirus'']]
*Aura Virus
*Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV) **
*Western EEV **
*Venezuelan EEV **
*Highlands J Virus
*Getah Virus
*Semliki Forest Virus
*Ross River Virus
*Una Virus
Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:
*Maguari Virus<ref>Calisher, C.H, Monath, T.P, Sabattini, M.S, Mitchell, C.J, Lazuick, J.S, Tesh, R.B, Cropp, C.B (1987) A newly recognised vesiculovirus, Calchaqui virus, and subtypes of Melao and Maguari viruses from Argentina, with serologic evidence for infections of humans and horses, ''Am J Trop Med Hyg'', 36:114-119. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
====Laboratory Tests====
==Legislation==
Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to The Infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987. "''The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection''". Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.<ref>http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/viralenceph/index.htm</ref>
====Biopsy====
{{Learning
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2005/20053177514.pdf ''' Update on viral encephalitis, encephalomyelitis and myeloencephalopathy.''' Traub-Dargatz, J.; Eastern States Veterinary Association, Gainesville, USA, Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. Large animal. Volume 19, Orlando, Florida, USA, 8-12 January, 2005, 2005, pp 274-278, 10 ref.]
}}
====Pathology====
==References==
<references/>
{{review}}
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Horse]]
[[Category:Togaviridae]]
[[Category:Horse]]