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====Post-mortem findings====
====Post-mortem findings====
''PRECAUTION'': infective viral particles may be present in CNS and other tissues.
''PRECAUTION'': infective viral particles may be present in CNS and other tissues.
The brain and spinal cord are typically grossly normal, but vascular congestion and discolouration of the CNS may be seen. Histologically the entire brain is affected by nonseptic mononuclear cell and neutrophilic inflammation. Severe lesions are noted in the cerebral cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus. Mononuclear meningitis, neuronal degeneration, gliosis and perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cell and neutrophilic infiltration are evident. Immunohistochemistry can be diagnostic. Liquefactive necrosis and haemorrhage of the cerebral cortex, atrophy ofthe pancreatic acinar cells and hyperplasia of the pancreatic duct cells commonly occur with VEE.
The brain and spinal cord are typically grossly normal, but vascular congestion and discolouration of the CNS may be seen. Histologically the entire brain is affected by nonseptic mononuclear cell and neutrophilic inflammation. Severe lesions are noted in the cerebral cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus. Mononuclear meningitis, neuronal degeneration, gliosis and perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cell and neutrophilic infiltration are evident. Immunohistochemistry can be diagnostic. Liquefactive necrosis and haemorrhage of the cerebral cortex, atrophy of the pancreatic acinar cells and hyperplasia of the pancreatic duct cells commonly occur with VEE.
====Differential diagnosis====
====Differential diagnosis====
It is generally assumed that infection does not provide protective immunity, however, protection for up to 2 years has been noted.
It is generally assumed that infection does not provide protective immunity, however, protection for up to 2 years has been noted.
====Control====
====Control====
Annual '''vaccination'''. Vector control. Human vaccination recommended for vets in endemic areas
=====Vaccination=====
Annual '''vaccination'''. '''Human vaccination recommended for vets in endemic areas'''.
=====Vector control=====
====References====
====References====