Description

Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of horses causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis.

Aetiology

Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:

Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Lyssavirus

  • Rabies Virus

Family Flaviviridae, Genus Flavivirus

  • Japanese Encephalitis Virus
  • West Nile Virus (WNV)
  • Kunjin virus
  • Murray Valley Virus
  • St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
  • Powassan virus

Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus

Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Orthobunyavirus

  • California Encephalitis viruses
    • Snowshoe Hare Virus
    • Jamestown Canyon Virus
  • Main Drain Virus

Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Bunyamweravirus

  • Cache Valley Virus

Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus Henipavirus

  • Nipah virus

Family Reoviridae, Genus Orbivirus

  • Equine Encephalosis Virus

Family Bornaviridae, Genus Bornavirus

  • Borna Disease Virus

Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:

  • Louping Ill Virus
  • Maguari Virus
  • Aura Virus
  • Una Virus
  • Highlands J Virus
  • Semliki Forest Virus
  • Getah Virus