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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (view source)

Revision as of 13:23, 13 May 2011

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===Overview===
 
===Overview===
    
*Causes erysipelas in pigs and turkeys worldwide
 
*Causes erysipelas in pigs and turkeys worldwide
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*[[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Pigs|Arthritis and discospondylitis in pigs]] as well as [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
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*[[Infectious Arthritis#In Pigs|Arthritis and discospondylitis in pigs]] as well as [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
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*Occasionally causes [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Sheep|arthritis in sheep]] and disease in other animals
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*Occasionally causes [[Infectious Arthritis#In Sheep|arthritis in sheep]] and disease in other animals
 
*Causes erysipeloid, a localised cellulitis in humans
 
*Causes erysipeloid, a localised cellulitis in humans
 
*Found in porcine tonsils - 50% of pigs are thought to be carriers
 
*Found in porcine tonsils - 50% of pigs are thought to be carriers
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===Swine erysipelas===
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===[[Swine Erysipelas]]===
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*Carrier pigs act as reservoir of infection
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*Organisms excreted in faeces of acutely-affected pigs
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*Ingestion of contaminated food and water, or via skin abrasions
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*Clinical outcome depends on susceptibility of pigs and virulence of strain
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*Pigs susceptible after maternal antibody waned (after 3 months) and before protective immunity acquired (3 years)
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*Change in diet, extremes of temperature and fatigue thought to predispose to infection
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*Septicaemic form:
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**Acute; incubation period 2-3 days
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**Pigs found dead, febrile, depressed, recumbent or with stilted gait
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**Mortality high
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**Pregant sows abort
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*Cutaneous form:
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**Diamond skin lesions
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**Fewer systemic signs, mortality rates lower
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**Pigs febrile with small, pink/purple raised areas or extensive diamond-shaped plaques over skin
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**Lesions may resolve within a week, or become necrotic and slough
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*Arthritis:
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**Older pigs, chronic
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**Stiffness, lameness, non-weight bearing on affected limbs
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**Joint lesions with erosion of articular cartilage, fibrosis and ankylosis
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**Strong impact on productivity
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*Chronic valvular endocarditis:
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**Vegetatic thrombosis of mitral valves
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**Asymptomatic or congestive heart failure and sudden death with stress
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*Diagnosis:
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**Diamond-shaped skin lesions
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**Haematology and post mortem, especially liver, [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]], heart valves, synovial tissues
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**Slender Gram-positive rods on microscopy of acute lesions; filamentous forms in chronic lesions and smears
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**No growth on MacConkey agar
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**Colonial characteristics and biochemical tests
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*Treatment:
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**Penicillin and tetracyclines for acute infections
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**Hyperimmune serum
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*Control:
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**Hygience
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**Cull chronic cases
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**Isolate affected pigs
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**Live attenuated or inactivated vaccines
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===Turkey erysipelas===
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===[[Turkey erysipelas]]===
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*Affects birds of all ages
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*Excreted in semen, causing death of turkey hens 4-5 days after AI
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*Septicaemia
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*High mortality
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*Dark, swollen snoods
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*Enlarged friable liver and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] on post mortem
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*Arthritis and vegetative endocarditis and emaciation with chronic infections
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*Inactivated vaccine
      
===Sheep infections===
 
===Sheep infections===
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*Cellulitis and laminitis in older lambs and ewes causing post-dipping lameness - entry through skin abrasions in hoof from contaminated dip
 
*Cellulitis and laminitis in older lambs and ewes causing post-dipping lameness - entry through skin abrasions in hoof from contaminated dip
 
*Valvular endocarditis and pneumonia in ewes reported
 
*Valvular endocarditis and pneumonia in ewes reported
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**Clinical sighns:
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***Cutaneous erysipelas
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***Polyarthritis in lambs
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***Rarely fatal septicaemia
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**Enters via:
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***Cuts, abrasions
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***Castration or docking wounds
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***Haematogenous spread -> subacute or chronic '''fibrinopurulent polyarthritis'''
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**Morbidity up tp 50%
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**Affects mostly unthrifty lmbs
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**Fibrosis and [[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|osteophyte]] formation in later stages -> persistent lameness
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=== Human erysipeloid ===
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===Human erysipeloid===
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*Infection through skin wounds from fish and poultry
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*Localised cellulitis
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*Occasional joint and heart disease after haematogenous spread if untreated
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*Infection through skin wounds from fish and poultry
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*Localised cellulitis
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[[Category:Bacteria_miscellaneous]] [[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]] [[Category:Rods]] [[Category:Sheep_Bacteria]] [[Category:Pig_Bacteria]] [[Category:Avian Bacteria]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]][[Category:To Do - Major]]
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*Occasional joint and heart disease after haematogenous spread if untreated
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[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Poultry]]
 
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