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→Surgical or Open Technique
==Surgical or Open Technique==
==Surgical or Open Technique==
A surgical or open technique is an extraction technique involving raising a flap of tissue to remove bone that forms part of the socket, to allow access to the root and facilitate its extraction (pic13)
[[File:Tooth Extraction 4.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Surgical or open extraction technique.]]
[[File:Tooth Extraction 5.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Triangle flap]]
[[File:Tooth Extraction 6.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Pedicle flap]]
A surgical or open technique is an extraction technique involving raising a flap of tissue to remove bone that forms part of the socket, to allow access to the root and facilitate its extraction.
====When Should this Technique be Used?====
====Indications====
This technique should always be used for extraction of canine teeth, but the same principles can be applied to extraction of any tooth in the mouth. A surgical extraction technique is also used for retrieval of root remnants and if any abnormal tooth morphology exists. It may also be the surgeon’s preference to use a surgical technique if multiple adjacent teeth need to be extracted.
This technique should always be used for extraction of canine teeth, but the same principles can be applied to extraction of any tooth in the mouth. A surgical extraction technique is also used for retrieval of root remnants and if any abnormal tooth morphology exists. It may also be the surgeon’s preference to use a surgical technique if multiple adjacent teeth need to be extracted.
#Use a fine, monofilament absorbable suture material.
#Use a fine, monofilament absorbable suture material.
====Physical and Biological Requirements for Intraoral Suture Materials:====
====Intraoral Suture Materials====
'''Physical and Biological Requirements for Intraoral Suture Materials:'''
#Fast absorption with minimal tissue reactivity
#Fast absorption with minimal tissue reactivity
#Good short-term tensile/knot strength with sutures of small diameter
#Good short-term tensile/knot strength with sutures of small diameter
An envelope flap is a gingival flap (i.e. not extending apical to the mucogingival junction) created by making a sulcular incision and elevating some of the attached gingiva on the lingual and buccal aspects and no vertical releasing incisions.
An envelope flap is a gingival flap (i.e. not extending apical to the mucogingival junction) created by making a sulcular incision and elevating some of the attached gingiva on the lingual and buccal aspects and no vertical releasing incisions.
An extended envelope flap is useful for extraction of several adjacent teeth. They are mucogingival flaps, i.e. incisions extend apical to the mucogingival junction. Flaps used for extraction procedures are full-thickness flaps that also include the periosteum.
An extended envelope flap is useful for extraction of several adjacent teeth. They are mucogingival flaps, i.e. incisions extend apical to the mucogingival junction. Flaps used for extraction procedures are full-thickness flaps that also include the periosteum.
*A triangle flap is a mucogingival flap consisting of a sulcular incision and one vertical releasing incision (pic14)
*A triangle flap is a mucogingival flap consisting of a sulcular incision and one vertical releasing incision.
*A pedicle flap is a sulcular incision with two vertical releasing incisions, this flap provides the best exposure. (pic15)
*A pedicle flap is a sulcular incision with two vertical releasing incisions, this flap provides the best exposure.
==Technique for Surgical Extraction of an Upper Canine==
==Technique for Surgical Extraction of an Upper Canine==