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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (view source)
Revision as of 18:54, 20 October 2008
, 18:54, 20 October 2008no edit summary
====Antigenicity====
====Antigenicity====
*Unrelated to HIV
*No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate
====Hosts====
====Hosts====
====Pathogenesis====
====Pathogenesis====
*Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells
**Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response
*Infected cats develop antibody whether or not they are able to clear the virus
Two versions:
*Avirulent:
**Transient infection with no CD4 decline
*Virulent:
**Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
**#'''High circulating virus''' for 1-10 weeks with resulting lymphoid depletion and CD8CD4 double positive Tcell destruction, '''thymic aplasia''' esp in kittens
**#'''Remission''': decrease in circulating virus as immune response increases, followed by '''immune exhaustion'''
****Increase in CD8+ production and antibody response
****Paracortical T cells and lymphoid follicles expand in primary and secondary lymph tissue and may be visible as '''white nodules'''
**#'''Rapidly progressing infection''' with high virus present
****Feline AIDS presents in a minority of cases
****Nonregenerative anemia
****Leucopenia
****Neutropenia
****Usually followed by secondary infection as a result of '''immunosuppression'''
****Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression
====Epidemiology====
====Epidemiology====
*Transfer via '''saliva''', though usually through a '''bite''' (FIV is the '''disease of enemies''')
*Can transfer via '''milk''' or '''mutual grooming''' in multicat households
*Also transferred via '''mating'''
*Particular concern amongst '''stray males''': 3.5% of healthy UK cats are seropositive, but in stray toms, up to 10% are positive
*Four-fold more common in diseased cats than in healthy cats
====Diagnosis====
====Diagnosis====
*'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody'''
**False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab
*Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting)
====Control====
====Control====
*'''No UK vaccine'''
*Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing
*Isolate and castrate
*Preventative neutering of males