Changes

Jump to navigation Jump to search
streamlined referencing
Line 10: Line 10:       −
Mhf can vary in shape from cocci to rods and are sometimes present as chains of organisms on the cell surface.
+
Mhf can vary in shape from cocci to rods and is sometimes present as chains of organisms on the cell surface.
    
==Transmission==
 
==Transmission==
Line 28: Line 28:  
The pathogenesis of Mhf is not fully understood. It is thought that the presence of the parasite on the surface of the red blood cells may induce antibody production<ref name="Hagiwara"></ref>. The anaemia, which is primarily extravascular, may be due to direct damage of erythrocytes by the organism or as a result of the antibodies produced by the infected animal <ref name="Wardrop"></ref>.
 
The pathogenesis of Mhf is not fully understood. It is thought that the presence of the parasite on the surface of the red blood cells may induce antibody production<ref name="Hagiwara"></ref>. The anaemia, which is primarily extravascular, may be due to direct damage of erythrocytes by the organism or as a result of the antibodies produced by the infected animal <ref name="Wardrop"></ref>.
   −
Cats can produce an immune response which results in the disappearance of organisms and an increase in haematocrit.  
+
Cats can produce an immune response which results in the disappearance of organisms from the blood. Production of uninfected erythrocytes  can then result in an increase in haematocrit.  
   −
It is thought that recovered cats can become subclinical carriers, with the potential for the disease to recrudesce if the animal is in a stressed state eg pregnancy, illness. (69)
+
It is thought that recovered cats can become subclinical carriers, with the potential for the disease to recrudesce if the animal is in a stressed state eg pregnancy, illness<ref name = "Harvey">Harvey JW and Gaskin JM (1978)Feline haemobartonellosis;attempts to induce relapses of clinical disease in chronically infected cats.'''J Am Anim Hosp Assoc'''14:453</ref>
    
==Clinical signs==
 
==Clinical signs==
Line 37: Line 37:     
==Differential diagnosis==
 
==Differential diagnosis==
There are multiple causes of both regenerative and non-regenerative anaemia in cats which must be considered as differential diagnoses when investigating a case of an anaemic cats.  
+
There are multiple causes of both regenerative and non-regenerative anaemia in cats which must be considered as differential diagnoses.  
      Line 77: Line 77:     
==Prognosis==
 
==Prognosis==
Varied prognosis depending on the severity of the anaemia at presentation. If not treated 1/3 of affected animals will die. Antibiotics do not clear the infection so many cats become carriers of the organism however relapses are uncommon.
+
Prognosis for infected cats is related to the severity of the anaemia at presentation. If an animal survives the initial anaemia prognosis for recovery is good. However, antibiotics do not clear the infection so many cats become carriers of the organism. Affected animals also may have intercurrent disease such as retroviral infections which will also affect diagnosis.  
    
{{Learning
 
{{Learning
Line 89: Line 89:  
}}
 
}}
   −
==Notes==
+
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
==References==
+
==Extra references==
#Niemark H, Johansson KE, Rikihisa Y, et al (2001) Proposal to transfer some members of the genera ''Haemobartonella'' and ''Eperythrozoon'' to the genus ''Mycoplasma'' with descriptions of Candidatus ''Mycoplasma haemofelis'', Candidatus ''Mycoplasma haemomuris'', Candidatus ''Mycoplasma haemosuis'' and Candidatus ''Mycoplasma wenyonii'' '''Int J Sys Evol Microbiol 51(3) pp891-9
  −
#Sykes, JE (2010) Feline Hemotropic Mycoplasmas '''Vet Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice''' pp. 1157-1170
  −
#Wardrop J, Reine N, Birkenheuer A et al (2005) Canine and feline blood donor screening for infectious disease '''J Vet Intern Med''' 19(1) pp.135-42
  −
#Hagiwara, MK (2009) Anemia in Cats: Is It Mycoplasma? '''Proceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress'''
  −
#Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''' (6th edition, volume 2)''W.B. Saunders Company''
  −
#Czerski A, Gnus J, Agnieszka Rusiecka A, et al (2009) Usefulness of blood films for the feline infectious anaemia diagnosis '''Acta Sci. Pol., Medicina Veterinaria''' 9(4)pp. 21-28
  −
   
Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Eighth Edition) ''Merial''  
 
Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' (Eighth Edition) ''Merial''  
  
82

edits

Navigation menu