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==Introduction==  

==Introduction==  

Feline lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis [[stomatitis]] complex is a poorly understood condition. It presents as erythematous, ulcerative lesions of the gingiva, buccal mucosa, lips, palatoglossal folds and the lateral pharyngeal walls. No clear aetiology has yet been discovered but many different causes of the condition have been proposed. These include [[:Category:Hypersensitivity|hypersensitivity]] to oral antigens and bacterial infections including those caused by ''Porphyromonas'' sp and ''Haemobartonella henselae''. Certain viruses have also been implemented including [[Feline Calicivirus|Feline calicivirus]] (FCV),[[Feline Herpesvirus 1|Feline herpesvirus]] (FHV), [[Feline Immunodeficiency Virus|Feline immunodeficiency virus]] (FIV),[[Feline Leukemia Virus|Feline leukaemia virus]] (FeLV) and Feline coronavirus (FCoV).

Feline lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis [[stomatitis]] complex is a poorly understood condition. It presents as erythematous, ulcerative lesions of the gingiva, buccal mucosa, lips, palatoglossal folds and the lateral pharyngeal walls. No clear aetiology has yet been discovered but many different causes of the condition have been proposed. These include [[:Category:Hypersensitivity|hypersensitivity]] to oral antigens and bacterial infections including those caused by ''Porphyromonas'' sp and ''Haemobartonella henselae''. Certain viruses have also been implemented including [[Feline Calicivirus|Feline calicivirus]] (FCV),[[Feline Herpesvirus 1|Feline herpesvirus]] (FHV), [[Feline Immunodeficiency Virus|Feline immunodeficiency virus]] (FIV),[[Feline Leukemia Virus|Feline leukaemia virus]] (FeLV) and Feline coronavirus (FCoV).

==Typical Signalment==

==Typical Signalment==

No sex, age or breed predilection. Pure breed cats seem to develop disease of greater severity. These include: Burmese, Persian, Siamese and Abyssinian.

No sex, age or breed predilection. The median age of those affected is 7 years (range 4 months - 17 years).

The median age of those affected is 7 years (range 4 months - 17 years).

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

===Diagnostic Imaging===

===Diagnostic Imaging===

Full skull radiography should be carried out to assess the teeth, alveolar bone and also to identify any broken roots.

Full intra-oral dental radiography should be carried out to assess the teeth, alveolar bone and also to identify any fractured roots or root remnants.

===Biopsy===

===Biopsy===

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

The aim of treatment of this condition is to improve the hygiene of the oral cavity. Initial treatment can include the following: Treating any underlying/existing dental disease, client education of the disease process and client education in dental homecare (diet and daily teeth brushing).  

The aim of treatment of this condition is to improve the hygiene of the oral cavity. Initial treatment can include the following: Treating any underlying/existing dental disease, client education of the disease process and client education in dental homecare (diet and daily teeth brushing).  

[[Antibiotics]] may also be necessary and a dental scale and polish is recommended.

More often than not, full mouth extractions performed by a veterinary dentist are required.  

 

Adjunctive treatment includes pain medication, anti-inflammatories and antibiotic treatment.

More advanced cases that have not responded to initial treatments may require a gingivectomy, repeated scale and polishing and extraction of cheek teeth followed by flushing of the alveolar sockets with saline or chlorhexidine (considered by many to be the most effective treatment).

Additionally [[Steroids|corticosteroids]] are often required to control inflammation when there is a hypersensitive response.

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28Gingivitis%29+AND+title%3A%28Stomatitis%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29 Gingivitis and Stomatitis in cats publications]

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28Gingivitis%29+AND+title%3A%28Stomatitis%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29 Gingivitis and Stomatitis in cats publications]

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[[Category:Oral_Cavity_-_Erosive_&_Ulcerative_Pathology]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Oral_Cavity_-_Erosive_&_Ulcerative_Pathology]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Periodontal Conditions]]

[[Category:Periodontal Conditions]]