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Female Reproductive Tract - Horse Anatomy (view source)
Revision as of 16:59, 26 November 2012
, 16:59, 26 November 2012no edit summary
:[[Video: Mare ovary and uterus dissection|Mare ovary and uterus dissection]]
:[[Video: Mare ovary and uterus dissection|Mare ovary and uterus dissection]]
:[[Video: Bisected ovary from the mare potcast|Bisected ovary from the mare potcast]]
:[[Video: Bisected ovary from the mare potcast|Bisected ovary from the mare potcast]]
===Clinical Links===
*[[Ovarian Cysts]]
==Oviducts==
==Oviducts==
*'''Uterine branch of the Ovarian artery''' supplies the cranial parts of the Uterine horns.
*'''Uterine branch of the Ovarian artery''' supplies the cranial parts of the Uterine horns.
*'''Uterine artery''' supplies the rest of the uterine horns and the uterine body. This is a branch off the '''External Iliac artery'''. The Uterine artery and the Ovarian artery anastomose within the [[Broad Ligament - Anatomy & Physiology|Broad Ligament]].
*'''Uterine artery''' supplies the rest of the uterine horns and the uterine body. This is a branch off the '''External Iliac artery'''. The Uterine artery and the Ovarian artery anastomose within the [[Broad Ligament - Anatomy & Physiology|Broad Ligament]].
===Clinical Links===
*[[Endometritis - Horse|Endometritis]]
*[[Uterine Cysts - Horses|Uterine Cysts]]
{{Learning
{{Learning
==Vagina and Vestibule==
==Vagina and Vestibule==
The vagina constitutes the part of the female reproductive tract between the cervix and the vulva. With the vestibule and vulva, it is the copulatory organ and the birth canal. The '''hymen''' is the poorly developed, vestigial, mucosal folds at the junction of the vagina and vestibule.
=== Vagina ===
The vagina extends from the external ostium of the uterus to the entrance of the urethra. It is located in the median position within the pelvic cavity, between the rectum dorsally and the urinary bladder ventrally. It is mostly retroperitoneal, but the cranial parts are covered by [[Peritoneal_Cavity_- Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneum]].
==== Vaginal Fornix ====
The protruding cervix restricts the lumen of the cranial vagina to a ring-like space known as the '''vaginal fornix'''. This is a cranioventral recess in the mare.
=== Vestibule ===
Extends from the external urethral opening to the external vulva, so combines urinary and reproductive functions. It is shorter than the vagina and lies mostly behind the ischial arch, sloping ventrally to its opening at the vulva. The wall contains vestibular glands. Secretions from these glands keeps the mucosa of the vestibule moist and facilitates [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|coitus]] and parturition. At [[Oestrus Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|oestrus]], the odour of these secretions sexually stimulates the male.
==== Vestibular Bulbs ====
These are seen as dark patches on the vestibular walls. Vestibular bulbs are a concentration of veins forming erectile tissue, this is the female homologue of the bulb of the [[Male Reproductive Tract - Horse Anatomy#Penis and Prepuce|penis]].
=== Vulva ===
Formed by two labia that meet at dorsal and ventral commissures surrounding the vertical vulvar opening.The dorsal commissure is pointed and the ventral commissure is rounded.
==== Clitoris====
Partial homologue of the [[Male Reproductive Tract - Horse Anatomy#Penis and Prepuce|penis]] located within the ventral commissure of the vulva. It can be divided into two parts:
* Body (corpus)
* Glans (glans clitoridis)
The clitoris has left and right crura that attach to the ischiatic arch. Crura come together to form the body. It lies within a fossa, largely covered by a mucosal fold which is the female equivalent of the prepuce. The glans is the only exposed part of the clitoris.
===== Os Clitoridis =====
===Histology===
====Vagina====
The vagina is a fibromuscular canal.The wall consists of:
* Mucosal layer lined by stratified squamous epithelium
* Layer of [[Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Smooth_Muscle|smooth muscle]], comprised of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
* Outer layer of adventitia
It is not lined by mesothelium and merges with the adventitial layers of the bladder anteriorly and rectum posteriorly. This combination of elastic fibres and [[Muscles_- Anatomy & Physiology#Smooth_Muscle|muscular]] layers allows the massive distension that occurs during parturition. After [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|coitus]], contraction of the smooth muscle layer ensures that the pool of semen remains within the cervical region. When relaxed, the vaginal wall collapses to obliterate the lumen and the vaginal epithelium is thrown into folds. The dense lamina propria is aglandular and contains:
* Elastic fibres
* Rich plexus of small veins
===Clinical Links===
*[[Pneumovagina - Horses|Pneumovagina ('windsucking')]]
[[Category:To Do - AP Review]]