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Also know as: '''''Foul in the foot — Infectious Pododermatitis — Interdigital Necrobacillosis — Interdigital Phlegmon — Hoof Rot — Foot Rot'''''

Also know as: '''''Foul in the foot — Infectious Pododermatitis — Interdigital Necrobacillosis — Interdigital Phlegmon — Hoof Rot — Foot Rot'''''

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

Foot rot in cattle is caused by the anaerobic bacteria ''[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]''.  

Foot rot in cattle is caused by the anaerobic bacteria ''[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]''.  

''Fusobacterium necrophorum'' is '''ubiquitous in the environment of cattle''' as it is a normal inhabitant of the intestine and faeces. <Kanoe, M., Imagawa, H., Toda, M (1975) '''Distribution of Fusobacterium necrophorum in bovine alimentary tracts.''' Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguti University, Japan, 26:161-172.</ref> It can also remain dormant in the soil for several months.<ref>Tulasne, J. J., Béguin, J. C (1982) '''Ovine Footrot: General report'''.''Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on disorders of the ruminant digit, Paris, France''.</ref> The organism contaminates areas where cattle congregate.

''Fusobacterium necrophorum'' is '''ubiquitous in the environment of cattle''' as it is a normal inhabitant of the intestine and faeces. <ref>Kanoe, M., Imagawa, H., Toda, M (1975) '''Distribution of Fusobacterium necrophorum in bovine alimentary tracts.''' Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguti University, Japan, 26:161-172.</ref> It can also remain dormant in the soil for several months.<ref>Tulasne, J. J., Béguin, J. C (1982) '''Ovine Footrot: General report'''.''Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on disorders of the ruminant digit, Paris, France''.</ref> The organism contaminates areas where cattle congregate.

Foot rot in cattle should '''not be confused with [[Footrot - Sheep|foot rot in sheep]]'''. The '''two diseases are different''' and cross infection between the two species is not believed to occur. Foot rot in sheep requires not only a virulent strain of ''[[Dichelobacter nodosus]]'' to be present, but also ''[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]''.

Foot rot in cattle should '''not be confused with [[Footrot - Sheep|foot rot in sheep]]'''. The '''two diseases are different''' and cross infection between the two species is not believed to occur. Foot rot in sheep requires not only a virulent strain of ''[[Dichelobacter nodosus]]'' to be present, but also ''[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]''.

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== Distribution ==

== Distribution ==

Foot rot has been reported from many countries. The disease is particularly prevalent in temperate climates with a moderate '''rainfall''' and relatively high cattle population density.

Foot rot has been reported from many countries. The disease is particularly prevalent in temperate climates with a moderate '''rainfall''' and relatively high cattle population density.

The organism can be isolated and cultured in a laboratory, but this is not usually required for diagnosis.

The organism can be isolated and cultured in a laboratory, but this is not usually required for diagnosis.

Exclusion of differential diagnoses such as retroarticular abscessed is important. The characteristic of this condition is that swelling occurs around one digit only, which is different to foot rot. Severe diseases such as [[Foot and Mouth Disease|Foot and Mouth]] should also be eliminated as this is a notifiable disease.

Exclusion of differential diagnoses such as retroarticular abscessed is important. The characteristic of this condition is that swelling occurs around one digit only, which is different to foot rot. Severe diseases such as [[Foot and Mouth Disease|Foot and Mouth]] should also be eliminated, particularly notifiable disease.

== Treatment ==

== Treatment ==

'''Intravenous infusion via the digital vein''' with a suitable antibiotic is the most effective way to treat the most advanced cases.  

'''Intravenous infusion via the digital vein''' with a suitable antibiotic is the most effective way to treat the most advanced cases.  

If the skin of the interdigital space has '''sloughed, topical treatment''' is also essential. This is particularly important if a secondary lesion appears to be starting in the dorsal region of the interdigital skin. The wound should '''cleaned with soapy water, then thoroughly dried and a topical dressing''' such as an antibiotic paste should be applied. The lesion must then be protected for a few days minimum.

If the skin of the interdigital space has '''sloughed, topical treatment''' is also essential. This is particularly important if a secondary lesion appears to be starting in the dorsal region of the interdigital skin. The wound should be '''cleaned with soapy water, then thoroughly dried and a topical dressing''' such as an antibiotic paste should be applied. The lesion must then be protected for a few days minimum.

== Control ==

== Control ==

Control measures include '''footbathing of animals with 5% copper sulpahte or formalin'''.

Control measures include '''footbathing of animals with 5% copper sulphate or formalin'''.

Zinc methionine and paraformaldehyde have also been used.

Zinc methionine and paraformaldehyde have also been used.

The reduction of slurry is also extremely important. Good drainage around drinking and feeding areas is helpful. The isolation of cows (or the use of a protective boot) during the early infectious stages of the disease is strongly recommended. Very early, adequate treatment is essential.

The reduction of slurry is also extremely important. Good drainage around drinking and feeding areas is helpful. The isolation of cows (or the use of a protective boot) during the early infectious stages of the disease is strongly recommended. Very early, adequate treatment is essential.

{{Learning

{{Learning

|flashcards = [[Footrot in Cattle Flashcards]]

|flashcards = [[Footrot in Cattle Flashcards]]

}}

}}

== References ==

== References ==

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Blowey, R. W (1994) '''Interdigital causes of lameness'''. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Disorders of the Ruminant Digit, Banff, Canada, 142-154.

Blowey, R. W (1994) '''Interdigital causes of lameness'''. ''Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Disorders of the Ruminant Digit, Banff, Canada'', 142-154.

Chirino-Trejo, M., Woodbury. M. R., Huang, F (2003) '''Antibiotic sensitivity and biochemical characterization of Fusobacterium spp. and Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from farmed white-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with necrobacillosis. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine''' 34:202-268.

Chirino-Trejo, M., Woodbury. M. R., Huang, F (2003) '''Antibiotic sensitivity and biochemical characterization of Fusobacterium spp. and Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from farmed white-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with necrobacillosis. '''''Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine'' 34:202-268.

Choquette-Lévy, L., Baril, J., Lévy, M., St-Pierre, H (1985) '''A study of foot disease of dairy cattle in Quebec. Canadian Veterinary Journal''' 26(9):278-281; 19.

Choquette-Lévy, L., Baril, J., Lévy, M., St-Pierre, H (1985) '''A study of foot disease of dairy cattle in Quebec.''''' Canadian Veterinary Journal'' 26(9):278-281; 19.

Eddy, R. G., Scott, C. P (1980) '''Some observations on the incidence of lameness in dairy cattle in Somerset.''' Veterinary Record, 106:140-144.

Eddy, R. G., Scott, C. P (1980) '''Some observations on the incidence of lameness in dairy cattle in Somerset.''' ''Veterinary Record'', 106:140-144.

Russell, A. M., Rowlands, G. J., Shaw, S. R., Weaver, A. D (1982) '''Survey of lameness in British dairy cattle.''' Veterinary Record, 111:155-160.

Russell, A. M., Rowlands, G. J., Shaw, S. R., Weaver, A. D (1982) '''Survey of lameness in British dairy cattle.''' ''Veterinary Record'', 111:155-160.

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[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cattle]]

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