| *Pleasure, riding lessons, showing 37%<ref>Murray, M.J, Grodinsky, C, Anderson, C.W, Radue, P.F, Schmidt, G.R (1989) Gastric ulcers in horses: a comparison of endoscopic findings in horses with and without clinical signs. ''Equine Vet J Suppl'', 7:68-72.</ref> | | *Pleasure, riding lessons, showing 37%<ref>Murray, M.J, Grodinsky, C, Anderson, C.W, Radue, P.F, Schmidt, G.R (1989) Gastric ulcers in horses: a comparison of endoscopic findings in horses with and without clinical signs. ''Equine Vet J Suppl'', 7:68-72.</ref> |
− | *Foals – 25-57%<ref>Wilson, J.H (1986) Gastric and duodenal ulcers in foals: a retrospective study. ''Proc Equine Colic Res Symp 2nd:126-128.</ref><ref>Murray, M.J, Grodinsky, C, Cowles, R.R, ''et al.''(1990) Endoscopic evaluation of changes in gastric lesions of Thoroughbred foals. ''J Am Vet Med Assoc'', 196:1623-1627.</ref><ref>Murray, M.J (1989) Endoscopic appearance of gastric lesions in foals: 94 cases (1987-1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 195:1135-1141.</ref> unknown, probably common, increasing or diagnosing more? Overall, the currently accepted prevalence estimates is 30-50%, increasing sharply in foals demonstrating signs of disease, especially gastrointestinal signs.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref> | + | *Foals ~25-57%<ref>Wilson, J.H (1986) Gastric and duodenal ulcers in foals: a retrospective study. ''Proc Equine Colic Res Symp 2nd:126-128.</ref><ref>Murray, M.J, Grodinsky, C, Cowles, R.R, ''et al.''(1990) Endoscopic evaluation of changes in gastric lesions of Thoroughbred foals. ''J Am Vet Med Assoc'', 196:1623-1627.</ref><ref>Murray, M.J (1989) Endoscopic appearance of gastric lesions in foals: 94 cases (1987-1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 195:1135-1141.</ref>, the incidence increases dramatically in foals with clinical signs, especially gastrointestinal signs.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref> |
− | The prevalence and severity of ulcers increases with work intensity<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial</ref> and duration(Murray 1994; Orsini and Pipers 1997 in Orsini), thus racehorses in active training are more often affected<ref name="Hammond">Hammond, C.J, Mason, D.K, Watkins, K.L (1986) Gastric ulceration in mature Thoroughbred horses. ''Equine Vet J'', 18(4):284-287.</ref> (Johnson et al. 1994) and in half of these, the lesions are moderate to severe.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial</ref> In one study, all horses developed gastric ulcers within 2 weeks of entering simulated race training.<ref name="Vatistas 2">Vatistas, N.J, Sifferman, R.L, Holste, J, Cox, J.L, Pinalto, G, Schultz, K.T (1999) Induction and maintenance of gastric ulceration in horses in simulated race training. ''Equine Vet J Suppl'', 29:40-44</ref> Lesions are thought to be chronically progressive during race training, but to regress during retirement.<ref name="Hammond">Hammond, C.J, Mason, D.K, Watkins, K.L (1986) Gastric ulceration in mature Thoroughbred horses. ''Equine Vet J'', 18(4):284-287.</ref> Horses with signs of gastrointestinal distress also demonstrate an increased frequency and severity of ulcerative lesions.(EGUC)Among show horses, 82% of those with signs of abdominal discomfort had gastric ulcers (Murray 1992a).<ref name="Martineau">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse. Part 1: Range of lesions present in 21 mature individuals. ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):638-644.</ref> Around 30% of adult horses and about 50% of foals have mild gastric erosions which heal without treatment or clinical signs.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial</ref> In 201 clinically normal horses in Denmark, 53% had EGUS with severity score >2 and older horses were more likely to have lesions in both regions of the stomach<ref>Luthersson, N, Nielsen, K.H, Harris, P, Parkin, T.D (2009) The prevalence and anatomical distribution of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in 201 horses in Denmark. ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):619-24.</ref> | + | The prevalence and severity of ulcers increases with work intensity<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial</ref> and duration<ref>Orsini, J.A, Pipers, F.S (1997) Endoscopic evaluation of the relationship between training, racing, and gastric ulcers. ''Vet Surg'', 26:424. In: Orsini, J (2000) ''Tutorial Article'' Gastric ulceration in the mature horse: a review. ''Equine Vet Educ'', 12(1):24-27.</ref><ref>Murray, M.J (1994) Gastric ulcers in adult horses. ''Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet'', 16:792-794. In:Orsini, J (2000) ''Tutorial Article'' Gastric ulceration in the mature horse: a review. ''Equine Vet Educ'', 12(1):24-27.</ref>, thus racehorses in active training are more often affected<ref name="Hammond">Hammond, C.J, Mason, D.K, Watkins, K.L (1986) Gastric ulceration in mature Thoroughbred horses. ''Equine Vet J'', 18(4):284-287.</ref> (Johnson et al. 1994) and in half of these, the lesions are moderate to severe.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial</ref> In one study, all horses developed gastric ulcers within 2 weeks of entering simulated race training.<ref name="Vatistas 2">Vatistas, N.J, Sifferman, R.L, Holste, J, Cox, J.L, Pinalto, G, Schultz, K.T (1999) Induction and maintenance of gastric ulceration in horses in simulated race training. ''Equine Vet J Suppl'', 29:40-44</ref> Lesions are thought to be chronically progressive during race training, but to regress during retirement.<ref name="Hammond">Hammond, C.J, Mason, D.K, Watkins, K.L (1986) Gastric ulceration in mature Thoroughbred horses. ''Equine Vet J'', 18(4):284-287.</ref> Horses with signs of gastrointestinal distress also demonstrate an increased frequency and severity of ulcerative lesions.(EGUC)Among show horses, 82% of those with signs of abdominal discomfort had gastric ulcers (Murray 1992a).<ref name="Martineau">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse. Part 1: Range of lesions present in 21 mature individuals. ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):638-644.</ref> Around 30% of adult horses and about 50% of foals have mild gastric erosions which heal without treatment or clinical signs.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial</ref> In 201 clinically normal horses in Denmark, 53% had EGUS with severity score >2 and older horses were more likely to have lesions in both regions of the stomach<ref>Luthersson, N, Nielsen, K.H, Harris, P, Parkin, T.D (2009) The prevalence and anatomical distribution of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in 201 horses in Denmark. ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):619-24.</ref> |