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→Clinical syndrome
==Clinical syndrome==
==Clinical syndrome==
The clinical signs associated with gastric ulcers are often very non-sepcific, difficult to document and at times only subjective.(Orsini) In addition, there appears to be a poor correlation between the severity of endoscopic lesions and the clinical presentation.(Murray et al 1989 in Orsini) The significance of gastric ulceration in horses thus remains questionable. However, there have been instances in which ulcer treatment has preceded an improvement in clinical status and/or racing perfomance, suggesting that in some horses, ulcers are a considerable burden.(Orsini) Cases gastric ulceration are often asymptomatic, but signs that have been attributed to these lesions in mature horses include:
The clinical signs associated with gastric ulcers are often very non-sepcific, difficult to document and at times only subjective.<ref name="Orsini">Orsini, J (2000) Tutorial Article Gastric ulceration in the mature horse: a review. ''Equine Vet Educ'', 12(1):24-27.</ref> In addition, there appears to be a poor correlation between the severity of endoscopic lesions and the clinical presentation.(Murray et al 1989 in Orsini) The significance of gastric ulceration in horses thus remains questionable. However, there have been instances in which ulcer treatment has preceded an improvement in clinical status and/or racing perfomance, suggesting that in some horses, ulcers are a considerable burden.<ref name="Orsini">Orsini, J (2000) Tutorial Article Gastric ulceration in the mature horse: a review. ''Equine Vet Educ'', 12(1):24-27.</ref> Cases gastric ulceration are often asymptomatic, but signs that have been attributed to these lesions in mature horses include:
*Poor appetite (particularly decreased consumption of concentrates)(Sanchez)
*Poor appetite (particularly decreased consumption of concentrates)(Sanchez)
**Mild, recurrent colic signs post-prandially<ref>Videla, R, Andrews, F.M (2009) New perspectives in equine gastric ulcer syndrome. ''Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract'', 25(2):283-301.</ref>
**Mild, recurrent colic signs post-prandially<ref>Videla, R, Andrews, F.M (2009) New perspectives in equine gastric ulcer syndrome. ''Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract'', 25(2):283-301.</ref>
**In one study, 49% of horses that presented for colic had gastric ulceration and those with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis had a trend towards a higher prevalence of gastric ulceration compared to those with other GI lesions.(Dukti et al. 2006) (Nadeau 2009)
**In one study, 49% of horses that presented for colic had gastric ulceration and those with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis had a trend towards a higher prevalence of gastric ulceration compared to those with other GI lesions.(Dukti et al. 2006) (Nadeau 2009)
*Changes in attitude (dullness or depression)
*Changes in attitude (dullness or depression)<ref name="Orsini">Orsini, J (2000) Tutorial Article Gastric ulceration in the mature horse: a review. ''Equine Vet Educ'', 12(1):24-27.</ref>
*Poor racing performance and reluctance to train (Murray 1988, 1992; Murray et al. 1989) (Table 2).(Orsini)
*Poor racing performance and reluctance to train (Murray 1988, 1992; Murray et al. 1989)
**Performance improved in 4 Thoroughbred racehorses after antiulcer treatment(Franklin et al.2008)(Nadeau 2009)
**Performance improved in 4 Thoroughbred racehorses after antiulcer treatment(Franklin et al.2008)(Nadeau 2009)
**Gastric ulcers have adversely affected physiological indices of performance in horses.<ref>Nieto, J.E, Snyder, J.R, Vatistas, N.J, Jones, J.H (2009) Effect of gastric ulceration on physiologic responses to exercise in horses. ''Am J Vet Res'', 70(6):787-95.</ref>
**Gastric ulcers have adversely affected physiological indices of performance in horses.<ref>Nieto, J.E, Snyder, J.R, Vatistas, N.J, Jones, J.H (2009) Effect of gastric ulceration on physiologic responses to exercise in horses. ''Am J Vet Res'', 70(6):787-95.</ref>