Changes

===Diet===

===Diet===

'''Feed deprivation''' encourages gastric ulceration in two ways: (1) it precludes the buffering capacity of protein leading to a reduced gastric pH (Murray and Schusser 1993) (2) it empties the stomach and exposes the squamous mucosa to the more mobile gastric juice.(Sandin 2000)  It is predictable, therefore, that an alternating feed-fast protocol produces a consistent model of ulcer induction in the equine squamous mucosa (36, 37, 66 in Sanchez). Despite this, feed deprivation is not a prerequisite for gastric ulceration in the horse(Vatistas 1998). Diets that are plentiful in roughage prolong the mastication process and the production of salivary bicarbonate that protects the gastric mucosa.  A diet of '''high grain and low roughage''' thus predisposes to EGUS. (Nadeau 2009). This sort of diet is commonly fed to racehorses but dietary components have also been shown to influence EGUS risk in nonracehorses<ref>Luthersson, N, Nielson, K.H, Harris, P, Parkin, T.D (2009) Risk factors associated with equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) in 201 horses in Denmark.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):625-30.</ref>  Ponies fed a '''concentrate diet''' had a greater prevalence of gastric ulcers than ponies fed hay alone(Vatisats 2 1999) and this may be because grain and pelleted feeds are asssociateds with increased serum gastrin.(Smyth et al 1988)  '''High starch meals''' are also a risk because they are fermented to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and lactic acid and are emptied from the stomach relatively slowly (Metayer et al. 2004)(Taharaguchi et al. 2004; Boswinkel et al. 2007)(Nadeau 2009)

'''Feed deprivation''' encourages gastric ulceration in two ways: (1) it precludes the buffering capacity of protein leading to a reduced gastric pH (Murray and Schusser 1993) (2) it empties the stomach and exposes the squamous mucosa to the more mobile gastric juice.(Sandin 2000)  It is unsurprising, therefore, that an alternating feed-fast protocol would produce a consistent model of ulcer induction in the equine squamous mucosa.(36, 37, 66 in Sanchez)  Despite this, feed deprivation is not a prerequisite for gastric ulceration in the horse.(Vatistas 1998)  Diets that are plentiful in roughage prolong the mastication process and the production of salivary bicarbonate that protects the gastric mucosa.  A diet of '''high grain and low roughage''' thus predisposes to EGUS. (Nadeau 2009)  This sort of diet is commonly fed to racehorses but dietary components have also been shown to influence EGUS risk in nonracehorses.<ref>Luthersson, N, Nielson, K.H, Harris, P, Parkin, T.D (2009) Risk factors associated with equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) in 201 horses in Denmark.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):625-30.</ref>  Ponies fed a '''concentrate diet''' had a greater prevalence of gastric ulcers than ponies fed hay alone(Vatisats 2 1999) and this may be because grain and pelleted feeds are asssociated with increased serum gastrin.(Smyth et al 1988)  '''High starch meals''' are also a risk because they are fermented to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and lactic acid and are emptied from the stomach relatively slowly.(Metayer et al. 2004)(Taharaguchi et al. 2004; Boswinkel et al. 2007)(Nadeau 2009)

===Other ailments===

===Other ailments===