Changes

==Description==

==Description==

The term ''''Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS)'''' encompasses a number of disease complexes<ref name="Merritt">Merritt, A M (2009) Appeal for proper usage of the term ʻEGUSʼ: Equine gastric

The term ''''Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS)'''' encompasses a number of disease complexes<ref name="Merritt">Merritt, A M (2009) Appeal for proper usage of the term ʻEGUSʼ: Equine gastric

ulcer syndrome.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):616.</ref> associated with ulceration of the oesophageal, gastric or duodenal mucosa<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref> in horses.  When such damage is caused by acidic gastric juice, the defect is described as a ''''peptic ulcer''''.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>  Ulceration of either, or both<ref>Andrews, F.M, Bernard, W.V, Byars, T.D ''et al.'' (1999) Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 1:122-134.  In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> regions of the gastric mucosa is one of the most important problems of the equine stomach as it may limit performance<ref name="Bell">Bell, R.J, Mogg, T, Kingston, J.K (2007) Equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult horses: a review.  ''N Z Vet J'', 55(1):1-12).</ref> and compromise welfare.<ref name="Martineau">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse.  Part 1: Range of lesions present in 21 mature individuals.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):638-644.</ref>  The non-glandular (proximal or orad) region of the equine stomach is lined by stratified squamous mucosa and a glandular mucosa lines the distal (aborad) portion.  The two regions meet abruptly at the '''''margo plicatus'''''<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref>, adjacent to where most ulcers occur.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>  Damage to these regions occurs via differing pathophysiological routes and varies in severity from inflammation, to cellular death and sloughing causing disruption of the superficial mucosa ('''erosion'''), penetration of the submucosa down to the level of the ''lamina propria''<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>('''ulceration'''),  full thickness ulceration ('''perforation''')<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> and potentially duodenal stricture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial</ref> The occult nature of the disease typically precludes the observation of clinical signs until severe ulceration has developed.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>

ulcer syndrome.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):616.</ref> associated with ulceration of the oesophageal, gastric or duodenal mucosa<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref> in horses.  When such damage is caused by acidic gastric juice, the defect is described as a ''''peptic ulcer''''.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref> The non-glandular (proximal or orad) region of the equine stomach is lined by stratified squamous mucosa and a glandular mucosa lines the distal (aborad) portion. Ulceration of either, or both<ref>Andrews, F.M, Bernard, W.V, Byars, T.D ''et al.'' (1999) Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 1:122-134.  In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> regions of the gastric mucosa is one of the most important problems of the equine stomach as it may limit performance<ref name="Bell">Bell, R.J, Mogg, T, Kingston, J.K (2007) Equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult horses: a review.  ''N Z Vet J'', 55(1):1-12).</ref> and compromise welfare.<ref name="Martineau">Martineau, H, Thompson, H, Taylor, D (2009) Pathology of gastritis and gastric ulceration in the horse.  Part 1: Range of lesions present in 21 mature individuals.  ''Equine Vet J'', 41(7):638-644.</ref>  The two regions meet abruptly at the '''''margo plicatus'''''<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref>, adjacent to where most ulcers occur.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>  Damage to these regions occurs via differing pathophysiological routes and varies in severity.  Inflammation can progress to cellular death and sloughing causing disruption of the superficial mucosa ('''erosion'''), then penetration of the submucosa down to the level of the ''lamina propria''<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>('''ulceration'''),  full thickness ulceration ('''perforation''')<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in  Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> and potentially duodenal stricture.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial</ref> The occult nature of the disease typically precludes the observation of clinical signs until severe ulceration has developed.<ref name="EGUC">The Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS).  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 11(5):262-272.</ref>

==Prevalence==

==Prevalence==