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→Intrinsic ulcerogenic factorsNadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M (2009) Science: Overviews Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum. Equine Vet J, 41(7):611-615.
*'''VFAs''': acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids are lipid soluble, which enables them to readily diffuse into the stratum spinosum and immediately cause the damage as described above.
*'''VFAs''': acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids are lipid soluble, which enables them to readily diffuse into the stratum spinosum and immediately cause the damage as described above.
*'''Lactic acid''': has been shown to increase the permeability of the squamous mucosa.<ref>Andrews,m
*'''Lactic acid''': has been shown to increase the permeability of the squamous mucosa.<ref>Andrews, F.M, Buchanan, B.R, Elliott, S.B, Al Jassim, R.A.M, McGowan, C.M, Saxton, A.M (2008) ''In vitro'' effects of hydrochloric and lactic acids on bioelectric properties of equine gastric squamous mucosa. ''Equine Vet J'', 40:301-305.</ref>
Andrews, F.M., Buchanan, B.R., Elliott, S.B., Al Jassim, R.A.M., McGowan, C.M. and
Saxton, A.M. (2008) In vitro effects of hydrochloric and lactic acids on bioelectric
properties of equine gastric squamous mucosa. Equine vet. J. 40, 301-305.
====Extrinsic ulcerogenic factors====
====Extrinsic ulcerogenic factors====