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Gastric Ulceration - Horse (view source)
Revision as of 14:25, 8 October 2010
, 14:25, 8 October 2010→Glandular mucosal defence mechanismsThe Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Equine Vet Educ, 11(5):262-272.
*'''Bicarbonate:''' secreted by gastric mucosal cells. Secretion triggered by luminal acid concentrations, mechanical irritation, and release of endogenous prostaglandins. Bicarbonate trapped in the mucous layer creates a pH gradient from physiological pH at the mucosal surface to a gastric acid pH at the luminal interface.
*'''Bicarbonate:''' secreted by gastric mucosal cells. Secretion triggered by luminal acid concentrations, mechanical irritation, and release of endogenous prostaglandins. Bicarbonate trapped in the mucous layer creates a pH gradient from physiological pH at the mucosal surface to a gastric acid pH at the luminal interface.
*'''Epidermal growth factors:''' found in salivary gland secretions, promote DNA synthesis and proliferation of gastric mucosal cells. Also important in prostaglandin synthesis and inhibit hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion by the parietal glands.
*'''Epidermal growth factors:''' found in salivary gland secretions, promote DNA synthesis and proliferation of gastric mucosal cells. Also important in prostaglandin synthesis and inhibit hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion by the parietal glands.
*'''Epithelial restitution mechanisms:''' important for gastric mucosal integrity. Epithelial injury induces migration of adjacent cells to replace damaged cells within minutes without the need of new cell proliferation. Shear forces, induced by mixing of ingesta, are counterbalanced by epithlial restoration.
*'''Epithelial restitution mechanisms:''' important for gastric mucosal integrity. Epithelial injury induces migration of adjacent cells to replace damaged cells within minutes without the need of new cell proliferation. Shear forces, induced by mixing of ingesta, are counterbalanced by epithelial restoration.
*'''Adequate mucosal blood supply:''' required to provide the mucosa with oxygen and nutrients to produce the mucus-bicarbonate layer and to support rapid turnover of epithelial cells. Also required to remove acid that has diffused into the mucosa. Compromised mucosal perfusion may be important in the stress-related ulceration of neonates.<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref>
*'''Adequate mucosal blood supply:''' required to provide the mucosa with oxygen and nutrients to produce the mucus-bicarbonate layer and to support rapid turnover of epithelial cells. Also required to remove acid that has diffused into the mucosa. Compromised mucosal perfusion may be important in the stress-related ulceration of neonates.<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref>
*'''Prostaglandins:''' inhibit acid secretion, promote mucosal perfusion (through vasodilation), increase mucus and bicarbonate secretions and support mucosal cell repair. PGE2 is especially important in these functions.
*'''Prostaglandins:''' inhibit acid secretion, promote mucosal perfusion (through vasodilation), increase mucus and bicarbonate secretions and support mucosal cell repair. PGE2 is especially important in these functions.