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→Glandular mucosal defence mechanismsThe Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (1999) Tutorial Article: Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Equine Vet Educ, 11(5):262-272.
*'''Epidermal growth factors:''' found in salivary gland secretions, promote DNA synthesis and proliferation of gastric mucosal cells. Also play a role in prostaglandin synthesis and inhibit HCl secretion by the parietal glands.
*'''Epidermal growth factors:''' found in salivary gland secretions, promote DNA synthesis and proliferation of gastric mucosal cells. Also play a role in prostaglandin synthesis and inhibit HCl secretion by the parietal glands.
*'''Epithelial restitution mechanisms:''' important in the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity (maintain tight junctions). Epithelial injury induces migration of adjacent cells to replace damaged cells within minutes without the need of new cell proliferation. Shear forces, induced by mixing of ingested material, are counteracted by epithlial restoration.
*'''Epithelial restitution mechanisms:''' important in the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity (maintain tight junctions). Epithelial injury induces migration of adjacent cells to replace damaged cells within minutes without the need of new cell proliferation. Shear forces, induced by mixing of ingested material, are counteracted by epithlial restoration.
*'''Adequate mucosal blood supply:''' required to provide the mucosa with oxygen and nutrients to produce the mucus-bicarbonate layer and to support rapid turnover of epithelial cells. Also required to remove acid that has diffused through the mucous layer to the mucosa. Mucosal perfusion may be important in the stress-related ulceration of neonates(Sanchez)
*'''Adequate mucosal blood supply:''' required to provide the mucosa with oxygen and nutrients to produce the mucus-bicarbonate layer and to support rapid turnover of epithelial cells. Also required to remove acid that has diffused through the mucous layer to the mucosa. Mucosal perfusion may be important in the stress-related ulceration of neonates.<ref name="Sanchez">Sanchez, L.C (2010) 'Diseases Of The Stomach' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref>
*'''Prostaglandins:''' inhibit acid secretion, promote mucosal blood flow (through vasodilation), increase mucus and bicarbonate secretions and support mucosal cell repair. PGE2 is especially important in these functions.
*'''Prostaglandins:''' inhibit acid secretion, promote mucosal blood flow (through vasodilation), increase mucus and bicarbonate secretions and support mucosal cell repair. PGE2 is especially important in these functions.