Difference between revisions of "Herpesviridae"

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==Introduction==
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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Herpesviridae]]
 
 
*Equine herpes virus 1 and 4 in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
 
 
 
 
 
===Feline herpesvirus -1===
 
 
 
*Feline viral rhinotracheitis in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
 
**One of the causes of Feline viral rhinotracheitis
 
***Viruses and bacteria are involved in the complex. The most frequent aetiologic agent is FHV-1, and less frequently feline calicivirus and/or [[Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species|''Chlamydophia psittaci'']] (NB: previously called Chlamydia psittaci var felis)
 
***All three agents infect URT respiratory epithelium, although FHV-1 has the highest affinity for this epithelium
 
***Feline calicivirus more frequently infects the oral mucosa -> ulcerative stomatitis
 
***C.psittaci more frequently infects the conjunctival epithelium -> chronic conjunctivitis
 
***Infection of the respiratory epithelium by FHV-1 results in a typical neutrophilic rhinitis with intraepitheial intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, with expected clinical signs
 
***Resolution of clinical signs usually occurs by 7-14 days.
 
***FHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion, and can reactivate at times of stress. Can infect the cornea -> ulcerative keratitis.
 
***Occasional mortality in kitten or immunocompromised animals usually associated with secondary bacterial infection.
 
 
 
 
 
===Bovine herpesvirus -1===
 
* Bovine herpesvirus - 1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) contributes to [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves; and [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
 
*Causes '''Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)'''
 
*Highly infectious URT disease of cattle
 
*High morbidity, low mortality
 
*Aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals
 
*BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
 
**leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing.
 
**with secondary bacterial infection (eg: Pasturella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... inhalation pneumonia... death.
 
*Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate.
 
*Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection.
 
*Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation
 
 
 
*Also causes infectious vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis and meningoencephalitis
 
 
 
 
 
===Inclusion body rhinitis (porcine cytomegalovirus)===
 
*in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]] and sometimes in [[Bacterial infections#In Pigs|atrophic rhinitis]] progressing to [[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]], see [[Viral infections#Inclusion body rhinitis|Inclusion body rhinitis]]
 
 
 
*Cytomegaloviruses
 
**Porcine cytomegalovirus
 
***Causes Inclusion body rhinitis
 
****Disease of suckling piglets 1-5 wks of age
 
****Clinical signs: those associated with acute/subacute rhinitis (ie: serous nasal discharge, progressing to catarrhal or purulent discharge with time and secondary bacterial infections; sneezing; pyrexia)
 
****Morbitity high, mortality low
 
****Histology: large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nasal and sinus respiratory epithelium with lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa.
 
****Can develop viraemic stage, with inclusions in other organs eg: renal tubular epithelium. Piglets can die during this phase.
 
 
 
==Alphaherpesviridae==
 
==Betaherpesviridae==
 
==Gammaherpesviridae==
 
[[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Malignant Catarrhal Fever|Alcephaline-1 Virus]]
 

Latest revision as of 10:10, 22 May 2010