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===Introduction===
|backcolour = FFE4E1
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|linkpage =WikiBlood
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|linktext =WIKIBLOOD
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|maplink = Haematopoiesis and Blood Cells (Concept Map) - WikiBlood
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|tablelink = Haematopoiesis and Blood Cells (Table) - WikiBlood
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|sublink1 =Immunology - WikiBlood
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|subtext1 =IMMUNOLOGY
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|pagetype =Blood
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}}
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=Introduction=
      
One of the main causes of disease is infection by microorganisms, with four types so far identified:
 
One of the main causes of disease is infection by microorganisms, with four types so far identified:
*Viruses
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*[[Viruses]]
*Bacteria
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*[[Bacteria]]
*Fungi
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*[[Fungi]]
*Parasites- comprising protozoa and helminths
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*[[Parasites]]- comprising [[protozoa]] and [[helminths]]
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A fifth controversial type are Pirons, which are infectious proteins that are believed to be the cause of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the human variant  Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD).<br />
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<br />
 
All exist as either:
 
All exist as either:
 
*Primary pathogens ('''obligate'''): presence always corresponds with disease
 
*Primary pathogens ('''obligate'''): presence always corresponds with disease
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*'''Orofecal''':typically enteric infections
 
*'''Orofecal''':typically enteric infections
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{{Learning
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|flashcards = [[Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards|Host Invasion Flashcards]]
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}}
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=[[Viruses - WikiBlood|Viruses]]=
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===References===
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*<div id="Janeway">{{citation|initiallast = Murphy|initialfirst = K|2last = Travers|2first = P|finallast = Walport|finalfirst = M|year = 2008|title = Janeway's Immunobiology|ed = 7th |city = New York|pub = Garland Science Publishing}}</div>
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=[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|Bacteria]]=
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*http://www.cellsalive.com
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=[[Parasites - WikiBlood|Parasites]]=
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==Types==
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{{review}}
Parasites broadly include:
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<br><br>
*Helminths (worms)
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
*Arthropods (insects)
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[[Category:Immunology]]
*Protozoa (single-celled eukaryotes)
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==Immunity to Parasites==
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The immune system relies on granulocytes ([[Mast Cells - WikiBlood|mast cells]] and [[Eosinophils - WikiBlood|eosinophils]]) and the production of [[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood|IgE]] antibody to combat parasitic infection.  Once produced in response to danger signals, IgE attaches to circulating granulocytes.  IgE then binds to the parasite, signals mast cell and eosinophil degranulation, and causes enzymatic digestion of the intruder.
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=References=
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*<div id="Janeway">{{citation|initiallast = Murphy|initialfirst = K|2last = Travers|2first = P|finallast = Walport|finalfirst = M|year = 2008|title = Janeway's Immunobiology|ed = 7th |city = New York|pub = Garland Science Publishing}}</div>
 
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